Basic Life Support (BLS)

Ms. Maylene Lavarias, RN Ms. Mary Ann Dela Cruz, RN

Basic Life Support (BLS)

is a specific level of prehospital medical care provided by trained responders, including emergency medical technicians, in the absence of advanced medical care

TOPICS

Adult cardio-pulmonary resuscitation Pediatric cardio-pulmonary resuscitation Relief of Choking First aid on Snake,and spider bites Shock Internal and External Bleeding

I. Cardio-Pulmonary resuscitation
Is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, in which someones breathing or heartbeat has stopped CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm CPR involves two elements:chest compression and mouth to mouth rescue breathing. Considerations, 1. When not to start CPR Rigor mortis Evidence of a non survivable injury

I. Cardio-Pulmonary resuscitation
Considerations: 2. When to stop CPR
Spontaneous breathing occur Transportation has arrived Operator is exhausted Physician declares patient dead Scene becomes unsafe

I. Cardio-Pulmonary resuscitation
Considerations: 3. Donts in CPR Bouncer Bender Rocker Lifter

I. Cardio-Pulmonary resuscitation
Complications of CPR Rib Fracture Distension of the stomach from improper ventilation

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

1. Check for unresponsiveness Hey, hey are you ok?

2. Shout for help

3. Position Patient if necessary Supine on hard flat surface

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

4. Open the airway A. Head tilt chin lift maneuver.Thismaneuver relives the airway obstruction in unresponsive victim, usually the obstruction by the tongue >Place one hand in the victims forehead and push with your palm to tilt the head back >Place the fingers of your other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the Chin >lift the jaw to bring the chin forward

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

4. Open the airway B. Jaw trust maneuver. If you suspect a cervical spine injury, open the airway using a jaw trust without head extension. >place one hand on each side of the victims head, resting your elbows on the surface on which the victim is lying >place your fingers under the angles of the victims lower jaw and lift with both hands displacing the jaw forward >If the lips close, retract the lower lip with your thumb

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

5.check for breathing LOOK for the chest rise and fall, LISTEN for the breathing FEEL for the air flow Not less than 5 sec and not more than 10 sec

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

6. Check for Pulse Feel for the carotid(adult), brachial/femoral(pedia) for about 10 sec 7. Activate local EMS or the rescue unit

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

8. Do AR or CPR if (-) breathing, give mouth to mouth breathing.

Mouth to mouth breathing is a quick, effective way to provide O2 to the victim. the rescuers exhaled air contains approximately 17% oxygen and 4% C02.This is enough to supply the victims needs.

9 TECHNIQUES of CPR (adult and Child)

HOW?
Hold the victims airway open with a head tilt chin lift pinch the nose closed with your thumb and index finger (using the hand in the forehead) take a regular breath and seal your lips around the victims mouth creating an airtight seal Give one breath (blow of 1 sec) watch for the chest rise as you give the breath If the chest does not rise, repeat the head tilt chin lift give a 2nd breath (blow for 1 sec) watch for chest rise if(-) pulse, perform 5 cycles of compressions and ventilations (30:2)

SUMMARY OF STEPS OF CPR FOR ADULTS, CHILDREN, AND INFANTS

CPR

ADULT AND OLDER CHILD (PUBERTY AND OLDER)

Activate your emergency response system as soon as the victim is found

CHILD (1 YR OLD TO PUBERTY)

Activate your emergency response system after giving 5 cycles of CPR

INFANT (LESS THEN 1YR OLD)

Activate your emergency response system after giving 5 cycles of CPR

Establish that the victim does not respond Activate your emergency response system Open the airway Use head tilt chin lift

head tilt chin lift Suspected truama: jaw trust Open airway, look, listen, and feel At least 5 sec and no more than 10 sec Give 2 breaths (1 sec each) Carotid pulse (-)pulse start CPR

head tilt chin lift Suspected truama: jaw trust Open airway, look, listen, and feel At least 5 sec and no more than 10 sec Give 2 breaths (1 sec each) Carotid pulse (-) pulse or pulse is <60bpm with signs of perfusion, start CPR

head tilt chin lift Suspected truama: jaw trust Open airway, look, listen, and feel At least 5 sec and no more than 10 sec Give 2 breaths (1 sec each) Brachial pulse (-) pulse or pulse is <60bpm with signs of perfusion, start CPR

Check breathing (-) breathing: give 2 breaths First 2 breaths Check pulse At least 5 sec and no more than 10 sec

Start CPR

ADULT AND OLDER CHILD (PUBERTY AND OLDER)

CHILD (1 YR OLD TO PUBERTY)

INFANT (LESS THEN 1YR OLD)

1.Compession location

Center of breastbone between nipples

Heel of 1 hand, other hand on top (or 1 hand for small victims) 1 to 2 inches

Center of breastbone between nipples

Heel of 1 hand, other hand on top (or 1 hand for small victims) 1/3 to depth of chest

Just below nipple linen on breastbone 2 fingers (2 thumb-encircling hands for 2 rescuer CPR 1/3 to depth of chest

2.Compression method

3.Compression depth

4.Compression Rate

100/min

100/min
30:2 for 1 rescuer CPR 15:2 for 2 rescuer CPR

100/min
30:2 for 1 rescuer CPR 15:2 for 2 rescuer CPR

5.Compression Ventilation

30:2 (1 or 2 rescuer CPR )

II. RELIEF OF CHOKING

I. Victims 1 year of age and older
MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
SIGNS: 1.good air exchange 2.responsive and can cough forcefully May wheeze between coughs

SEVERE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

SIGNS: 1.poor or no air exchange 2.weak,ineffective cough or no cough at all 3.highpitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all 4.increse respiratory difficulty 5.possible cyanosis 6.unable to speak 7.cluthing the neck with the thumb and fingers 8.unalbe to move air

MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

ACTION: 1.as long as good air exchange continues, encourage the victim to continue spontaneous coughing and breathing efforts 2.do not interfere with the victims own attempts to expel the foreign body, but stay with the victim and monitor his condition 3.if persists, activate the emergency response system

SEVERE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

ACTION: 1.use abdominal trusts(Heimlich maneuver RESPONSIVE >stand or knell behind the victim and wrap your arms around the victims waist >make a fist with one hand >place the thumb side of your fists against the victims abdomen, in the midline, slightly above the navel and well below the breastbone >grasp your fist with your other hand and press your fist into the victims abdomen with a quick upward trust >repeat trust until the object is expelled from the airway or the victim becomes unresponsive. >give each new trust with a separate, distinct movement to relieve the obstruction

MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

SEVERE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

UNRESPONSIVE >activate the emergency response system >open the airway, remove an object if you see it an d begin CPR 2. Chest trust >if the victim is pregnant or obese

ACTION: RESPONSIVE: >knell or sit with the infant in your lap >bare the infants chest >hold the infant prone with the head slightly lower than the chest, resting on your forearm. Support the infants head and jaw with your hand. Rest youre your forearm on your lap or thigh to support the infant >deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully in the middle of the back between the infants shoulder blades, using the heel of your hand. Deliver each slap with sufficient force to attempt to dislodge the foreign body >after delivering up to 5 slaps, place your free hand on the infants back, supporting the back of the infants head with the palm of your hand. The infant will be adequately cradled between your 2 forearms, with the palm of one hand supporting the face and jaw while the palm of the other hand supports the infants head >turn the infant as a unit while carefully supporting the head and the neck. Hold the infant on his back with your forearm resting on your thigh. Keep the infants head lower than the trunk >provide up to 5 quick downward chest trust >repeat the sequence up to 5 back slaps and up to chest trusts until the object is remove or the infant becomes unresponsive

II.Victim is Infant

II.Victim is Infant
UNRESPONSIVE: >place the infant in a firm, flat surface >open the airway and look for an object in the pharynx. If an object is visible, remove it. >Begin CPR with 1 extra step; each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object in the back of the throat. If you see4. Remove it >after approximately 5 cycles (about 2 min) activate the emergency response system

FIRST AID FOR SNAKEBITES

FIRST AID FOR SNAKEBITES

Management: Reassure the victim.
Immobilize the bitten limb without compression. Get the patient to Hospital as fast as safely possible. Tell the Doctor any of the following signs appearing on the way to the hospital.

FIRST AID FOR SNAKEBITES

Things to do immediately following a SNAKE BITE 1. Try to safely and quickly identify the species of snake if practical. 2. Keep the victim quite. 3. Without cutting, apply suction, preferably within seconds of the bite directly on the main puncture/bite marks. 4. Transport safely at the earliest possible time to competent medical service.

FIRST AID FOR SPIDER BITES

FIRST AID FOR SPIDER BITES

WHAT TO LOOK FOR 1. Sharp pin-prick may be felt . 2. Nausea and vomiting 3. Partial loss of muscle control 4. Swelling of the affected area is common

FIRST AID FOR SPIDER BITES

Management: 1.Clean the bitten area with soap and water. 2. Place ice pack over the bite to relieve pain. 3. There is antiserum for several spider venoms and this treatment must be seen by a doctor.

FIRST AID FOR INTERNAL BEEEDING

Internal bleeding occurs when the skin is unbroken, and is not seen. It can be difficult to detect and can be lifethreatening. Signs and symptoms:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Confusion Drowsiness Unconscious Blood in the digestive tract Low blood pressure

FIRST AID FOR INTERNAL BEEEDING

WHAT TO DO 1. For severe internal bleeding: 2. Check ABCHs 3. Expect vomiting 4. Treat for shock] 5. Seek medical attention immediately

FIRST AID FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

FIRST AID FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

3 TYPES OF EXTERNAL BLEEDING 1. Capillary bleeding -the most common type of bleeding -it is usually not serious 2. Venous bleeding -blood flows or gushes -it is easier to control than arterial bleeding 3. Arterial bleeding -this type of injury can lead to a large amount of blood loss -this the most serious

FIRST AID FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Management:

Remember RED
R-est E-levation D-irect pressure

FIRST AID FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Take note:
if the blood starts to come through the dressing you are using, add additional dressings to the top to a maximum of three Where an articulate area of the body is wounded (such as the arms or hands), it is important to consider the position of the area in keeping pressure on the wound.

FIRST AID FOR SHOCK

Shock- is a life-threatening condition in which the bodys vital functions are threatened due to lack of sufficient blood or oxygen. Signs and symptoms:
pale or bluish skin , lips and fingernails moist, clammy skin weakness rapid pulse restlessness, anxiety and thirst

FIRST AID FOR SHOCK

Emergency Treatment 1. Check the ABCHs 2. Lay the victim down on his or her side 3. Elevate the victims legs 8 to 12 inches