Satelit adalah wahana angkasa yang ditempatkan manusia di angkasa untuk keperluan tertentu, seperti telekomunikasi, broadcasting dan

penginderaan jauh. A satellite is something that goes around like the earth or another planet . Satelit adalah benda yang mengorbit.

Satelit

What is Satellite?
A satellite is something that goes around and around a larger something, like the earth or another planet, and some satellite are natural, like the moon, which is natural satellite of the earth but the artificial satellite are made by scientists and technologists to around the world and do the certain jobs. Satellite receives the signal and rebroadcast it to other places on the earth.

The Role
The communication satellite roles its to send and receive all communication modes. Other satellite observe the weather and inform it to the customers which need it either air, sea transporter as well as weather forecast for TV program. Due to its specification can send very accurate pictures of the earth surface, it can tell scientist all over the world about crops, water, fish, mining and other resources.

SATELLITE AND ORBIT

When a satellite is launched, it is placed in orbit around the earth. The earth's gravity holds the satellite in a certain path as it goes around the earth, and that path is called an "orbit." There are several kinds of orbits: LEO, MEO, GEO.

LEO, or Low Earth Orbit A satellite in low earth orbit circles the earth 100 to 300 miles above the earth's surface. Because it is close to the earth, it must travel very fast to avoid being pulled out of orbit by gravity and crashing into the earth. Satellites in low earth orbit travel about 17,500 miles per hour. These satellites can circle the whole earth in about an hour and a half.

MEO, or Medium Earth Orbit Communications satellites that cover the North Pole and the South Pole are placed in a medium altitude, oval orbit. Instead of making circles around the earth, these satellites make ovals. Receivers on the ground must track these satellites. Because their orbits are larger than LEOs, they stay in sight of the ground receiving stations for a longer time. They orbit 6,000 to 12,000 miles above the earth.

GEO, or Geostationary Earth Orbit A satellite in geosynchronous orbit circles the earth in 24 hoursthe same time it takes the earth to rotate one time. If these satellites are positioned over the equator and travel in the same direction as the earth rotates, they appear "fixed" with respect to a given spot on earththat is, they hang like lanterns over the same spot on the earth all the time.

 Satellites in GEO orbit 22,282 miles above the earth. In this high orbit, GEO satellites are always able to "see" the receiving stations below, and their signals can cover a large part of the planet. Three GEO satellites can cover the globe, except for the parts at the North and South poles.

Indonesia

How does a Satellite Get Into Space ?

A satellite is launched on a launch vehicle, which is like a taxi cab for satellites, which pack very carefully into vehicle and carried into space, powered by a rocket engine. Satellite are launched from only a few place in the world, primary Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French Guiana, Xichang China and Baikonur, Kazakstan. The best place to launch satellites are near the ocean, so when the launch vehicle falls away, it lands in the water and not on people residences. Another launch site, considered as Mobile which possible to travel to the perfect launch spot by using Oil Drilling Rigs, so it can moved from California to the equator.

Due to its specification can send very accurate pictures of the earth surface, it can tell scientist all over the world about crops, water, fish, mining and other resources.

Examples. : a Boeing 376 built by Boeing Satellite Systems, mostly used for broadcast TV ad Cable TV whilst Boeing 601 for multi purposes, including DIRECT BROADCASTING TV which its system for receiving TV using very small satellite dish to relay the TV signals. The Boeing 601 satellite also considered as Communication Satellite, and the bigger satellite in the world is the Boeing 702, which its wingspan of nearly 157 feet, more than a Boeing 757 jet plane, and the biggest one is the International Space Station (ISS) built by International Consortium consisting of US, Russia, Canada, French, German, Japan which design to become the Space Station for other Space Shuttle during their Galaxy trip.

What is an Orbit ? When a satellite launched, it is placed in orbit around the earth, which the earth gravity hold the satellite in a certain path as it goes around the earth, and that path is called an orbit, and there are several kind of orbits as follows ; - LEO or Low Earth Orbit, a satellite on LEO circles the earth 100 to 300 miles above the earth surface. Because its close to the earth, it must travel very fast to avoid being pulled out of orbit by gravity and crashing into earth. Satellite in LEO orbit travel about 17.500 miles per hour and circle the whole earth in about an hour and half.

- MEO or Medium Earth Orbit, Communication satellites that cover the North Pole and the South Pole are placed in Medium altitude, oval orbit. Instead of making circles around the world, these satellites make ovals. Receivers on the ground must track these satellites, because their orbit are larger than LEOs, they say insight of the ground receiving stations for a longer time. They orbit 6.000 to 12.000 miles above the earth.

- GEO, or Geostationary Earth Orbit, a satellite in geosynchronous orbit circles the earth in 24 hrs- the same time it takes the earth to rotate one time. If these satellite are positioned over the equator and travel in the same direction as the earth rotates, they appear fixed with respct to a given spot on earth-that is, they hang like lantern over the same spot on the earth all the time.

Satellite in GEO orbit 22.282 miles above the earth, GEO satellite are always able to see the receiving stations below, and their signals can cover a large part of the planet. Three GEO satellites can cover the globe, except for the parts at the North and South poles.

 How does a Satellite Get Into Space ? A satellite is launched on a launch vehicle, which is like a taxi cab for satellites, which pack very carefully into vehicle and carried into space, powered by a rocket engine.
Satellite are launched from only a few place in the world, primary Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French Guiana, Xichang China and Baikonur, Kazakstan. The best place to launch satellites are near the ocean, so when the launch vehicle falls away, it lands in the water and not on people residences. Another launch site, considered as Mobile which possible to travel to the perfect launch spot by using Oil Drilling Rigs, so it can moved from California to the equator.

 Due to the complicated techniques and management to launch a Satellites it needs a specific Satellite Launching Management which involving so many companies which supplying goods and services to placed satellites in orbit. The most important things are, they knows the deadline, means 144 hrs until countdown and liftoff, or 64 hrs, 7 hrs or 10 minutes. Its the reasons, how the launch planner make sure that everything will be ready at the right time. The launch vehicles rockets lift the satellite off the launch pad and carry it into space where circles the earth in a temporary orbit. Then the spent rockets and launch vehicle drop away , and one or more motors attached to the satellite move it into its permanent geosynchronous orbit, and its needs sometimes or just in minutes to push satellite into place.

To start these motors, its called burns, over period of several days, to move the satellite into its assigned orbital position. When its reach the assigned orbital position, then the antennas and solar panels deploy, that is, they unfold from their traveling position and spread out , so the satellite can start and receiving signals. Gravity & centrifugal force : The earth and the moon, and all planets are held in place in the solar system by two opposing forces, one is called gravity, its a force that pulls objects towards a planet or larger object. The other force is called centrifugal force, it makes a rotating object fly outward from the center, if you ride a merry go round very fast and fall off, you will probably fall outside the circle, its because of centrifugal force.

. In our solar system, nine planets revolve around the sun, gravity and centrifugal force must be in balance for the planets to stay in their positions. If gravity stopped working, the planets would fly off on their own into space, whilst if centrifugal stopped working the planets would be pulled toward the sun, and because of two forces are balance, so the planets remain in their place. The sun is a star, and the natural satellites (incl.earth) called planets, and some planets have natural satellites called moons, as you know, our moon revolves around the earth. In this case the balance of two forces keep it happened.

Everything in space has its own gravity, large objects like planets have stronger gravity, small object like meteor have weaker gravity, therefore moons gravity holds the spaceship that land on the moon.

 What does a satellite do ?;

- Picturing from the space by its built in cameras, and it makes expert can predict the weather, accurate maps (Geography, Mining, Fishing up to Frequency Maps.). - Geo positioning function. - Communication (Telephone, Computer Messages etc.) by its transmitting and receiving signals function. - As TV programs transmitter, from studio to Satellite called Uplink (Upward to Satellite) and from Satellite to studio called Downlink (Downward to earth). The size of satellites depend on the purpose and capacity, including the cost of orbit costs about $ 15.000,-/pound. Satellite owned by country or company, for commercial or non commercial purposes, at the moment most of Countries owned or operates their satellites and its built based on its coverage, either only for the certain country or more.

Whats inside the Satellites :

- The Propulsion subsystem ; includes electric or chemical motor that bring spacecraft to its permanent position , as well as small thrusters (motors) that help keep the satellites on its assigned place in orbit. - The Power subsystem ; generates electricity from the solar panels and store it in storage batteries.

 - The Communication Subsystem ; handles all the transmit and receive functions from earth or other satellites. - The Structures Subsystem ; distributes stresses of launch and acts as a strong and stable framework for attaching other parts of satellites.

- The Thermal Control ; keeps active parts of the satellites cool enough to work properly.
- The Attitude Control Subsystem ; maintain the communication footprint in the correct location, in order the communication signals will not be interrupted. The Telemetry and Command subsystem provides a way for people at the ground stations to communicate with satellite.