Types of Sentences

Clause are the building blocks of sentences. A clause is a group of words that contains (at least) a subject and a verb.

These are clauses: Ecology is a science because pollution causes cancer

These are not clauses: To protect the environment after working all day

Independent, contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence by itself. Subject + verbs (+ complement) Example: Students normally spend four years in college. Dependent, doesnt expresses a complete thought and can not stand alone as a sentences by itself. Subordinator + subject + verb (+ complement) Example: . Although students normally spend four years in college

There are four kinds of sentences

Simple

Compound
Complex Compound

complex

Subordinators (subordinating conjunctions) Coordinators (coordinating conjunctions) Conjunctive Adverbs

Suborinators (Subordinating Conjunctions) After Although As As if As soon as Before Even though How If Since That Though Unless Until What When Whenever Where Wherever Whether Which While Who Whom Whose

Because

So that
Coordinators (Coordinating Conjunctions) You can remember the seven coordinators by the phrase FAN BOYS

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Conjuctive Adverbs Accordingly Besides Consequently Furthermore Hence However In Contrast Meanwhile Indeed Instead Moreover Nevertheless On the other hand Otherwise Therefore

For example

In Addition

Likewise

Nonetheless

Thus

Simple sentences
A

simple sentences is one independent clause

Example: I enjoy playing tennis with my friends every weekend.

Try to make your own simple sentences!

Compound Sentences

Definition
A

Compound Sentence is a sentence that joins two independent clauses together with a coordinator, conjunctive adverb or semicolon.

Formula
Compound

Sentence =

Independent Clause + Independent Clause

Combining Clauses
There

are three ways to combine independent causes to make a compound sentence: Coordinators Conjunctive adverbs Semicolon

Coordinators

A coordinating conjunction is also known as a F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

For

Conects solution with problems Ex: Lets go to the swimming pool, for its hot inside the house
Connects two ideas that go together Ex : I want to go to the circus, and I want to ride a pony. Negative form of or Ex : I have never visited Asia, nor have I ever visited Africa.

And

Nor

But

Connect two ideas that go against each other Ex : I need to go to the store, but Im feeling too sick to drive. to connects two choices Ex : You can make a big poster, or you can make a brochure

Or

Yet

Connects two ideas that go against each other Ex : I dont want to practice playing the violin, yet I dont want to disobey my mother So Connects a problem with result Ex : I didnt do my homework, so my parents punished me.

Exercise 1 The yard is full of leaves after school, we will clean them together

Exercise 2
My

mom takes me to the mall for clothes. My dad buys school supplies for me.

Conjuctive Adverbs
Coordinators Conjuctive Adverbs

And

But Yet Or So

besides furthermore moreover also however nevertheless nonetheless Otherwise accordingly consequently hence therefore thus

Example
Sick

person need to take their medicine otherwise they wont get better want to get a good score therefore they study hard

Students

Exercise 1
Ecologists

know that burning fossil fuels causes holes in the ozone layer. People continue to do it.

Semicolon
You can also use a semicolon to create a compound sentence since the two statements are equal. Ex) The teacher applauded the class; the kids beamed with pride. Ex) The dog ate; the cat slept.

Complex Sentences
Independent Clause
More Important idea

Dependent Clause

Adverb begins with an adverbial subordinator such as

when, while, because, although, if, so that, etc.

Ex: 1. Although women in the United States could own property, they could not vote until 1920. 2. women in the United States could not vote until 1920 although they could own property.

Dependent Adjevtive(relative) begins with a relative pronoun such as who,

whom, which, whose, or that when.

or with a relative adverb such as where or Ex: 1. Men who are not married are called bachelors. 2. Last year we vacationed on the Red Sea, which features excellent scuba diving.

Dependent noun function as a noun begins with a wh-question word, that,

whether, or sometimes if.

Ex: 1. I dont know where she is. 2. I cant hear what he said.

1. Because the cost of education is rising, many students must work part-time. 2. Last year, the government reported that drug use is increasing. 3. Doctors are concerned about drug use by young people, who think that smoking marijuana is risk-free.

Is a sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
- Although I like to go camping, I havent had the time to go lately, and I havent found anyone to go with - We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
Notes : Independent clause Dependent clause

Comparison
Simple
[ Subject + predicate] Twenty Freeport citizens protested the ban against smoking.

Sentence

Compound

[ Independent clauses joined by a comma + coordinate conjunction] Twenty Freeport citizens protested the smoking ban, but the newspaper failed to cover the story.
[Independent clause + dependent clause]

Sentence

Complex

Sentence

Although 20 Freeport citizens protested the smoking ban, the newspaper failed to cover the story.

Exercise : Which type of sentence is it?

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

The training rooms fo these college atheltes smell of grease and gasoline. Most of the students are engineering majors, and the devote every minute of their spare time to their sport. Their tools are screwdrivers and spanners rather than basketballs and footballs. The cars are called Legends cars, models of Fords and Chevys from 1932 to 1934, and they are refitted by the students with 1200 cc motorcycle engines. Although the sport is new, it has already attracted six collegiate teams in the Southeast.

Thank you