Henry P.

Turalde
1

Safety Management in Construction Part 1

Introduction to Safety Construction Site Premises Safety and Health Programs Personal Protective Equipments Stairways and Ladder Scaffolds and Platforms Fall Protection

SAFETY

FIRST

Notable quotes (customized) for engineers:

A gram to prepare is better than a ton to repair.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY

Factor of Safety (FS)

In engineering, FS is the ratio of calculated strength of a member to the predicted structural demand that will be applied upon it when the member is part of the structure.

Safety in Construction
Safety should be given considerable factor (of safety) for the importance it may impart to the project, after all, safety consideration is always part of engineering, from planning, to construction, and to occupancy or operation stages.

What is Safety?
Safety is the control of circumstances or conditions to prevent harm to people, or minimize damages and losses to properties.

Significance
SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN CONSTRUCTION IS ONE MAJOR ISSUE TO BE PROPERLY CONSIDERED BECAUSE OF THE LOSSES IT MAY INVOLVE :

COST TIME RESOURCES & OTHERS

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Specific type of accidents

10

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Classification of accidents

11

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Age of victims

12

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Type of trade

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Type of project

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Month of accident

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Time of accident

In a DOLE - OSHC Study, 1995 -1999, involving construction accident cases:

Place of accident

Major problems related to work safety

Low priority given to work safety

concerns Lack of awareness and education on work safety Lack of trained personnel Weak enforcement of safety standards Lack of safety facilities Safety programs are not reliable due to low compliance.

Why Safety and Health?

Regulatory Agencies Employee Job Security

SAFETY
Accident Costs Reputation Quality Production

Adopted from OSHC

What is an accident?
Accident is an unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted occurrence or event that results in harm to people, cause damage or loss to properties.

What is an incident?
An unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted event, which under slightly different circumstances, COULD HAVE RESULTED in harm to people, cause damage or loss to properties.

AN ACCIDENT IS ALWAYS AN INCIDENT, BUT AN INCIDENT IS NOT ALWAYS AN ACCIDENT

Types of accidents in construction sites:

Struck against rigid structure, sharp or rough objects

Struck by falling or flying objects, sliding or moving parts

Caught in or between objects Fall on same level Fall on different levels

Exposure to - noise - electricity - toxics temperature extremes - high pressures radiation - fires

Causes of accident:
1.Unsafe Act 2.Unsafe Condition

Unsafe Act
- the human action that departs from a standard or job procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations or instructions

Unsafe Condition
- the physical or chemical property of a material, machine, or the environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property or other form of losses

Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions

Studies show that :
2% of accidents are non-preventable 98% of accidents are preventable 88% constitute unsafe acts 10% due to unsafe conditions

HAZARD
- any existing or potential condition in the workplace which by itself or by reacting with other variables can result in the unwanted effects of injuries, property damage, death and other losses

Most of them, by controlling the hazards in this order:

1. Engineering Control 2. Administrative Control 3. Personal Protective Equipment

Systems to Control Unsafe Conditions

Three areas where hazards can be controlled: 1. (Pre-contact) Engineering Control : Elimination/minimization Enclosure of the hazard Redirection of hazard

SOURCE
2.

PATH
Administrative Control: Exposure time limitations Safe work practices Alarms and warning signs Training and education

RECEIVER
3. (Point of contact) Personal Protective Equipment

Last line of control/defense

Systems to Control
Unsafe Condition
Good Housekeeping Preventive Maintenance Engineering Control Administrative Control

Systems to Control Unsafe Act

Education and Training Visual Awareness Tool Box Meeting Award/Incentive System Disciplinary Action
Safety Orientation, Job Instructions
Posters, Signs, Bulletin Board
A 10-15 minute on-the-job meetings

Positive Approach

Negative Approach

Hierarchy of Safety:
1. ELIMINATE the hazard

2. If not practical, PREVENT

3. If not practical, CONTROL

What about this?

NOW I BELIEVE IN SAFETY & HEALTH