AIRBORNE EW

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS EW?
MIL ACTION INVOLVING THE USE OF EM ENERGY TO
DETERMINE EXPLOIT REDUCE PREVENT HOSTILE USE OF RETAIN FRIENDLY USE OF

THE EM SPECTRUM
ELECTRONIC WARFARE

ELECTRONIC SP MEASURE (ESM)

ELECTRONIC COUNTER COUNTER MEASURE (ECM) (ECCM) ELECTRONIC COUNTER MEASURE

ESM
ELECTRONICS SP MEASURES (ESM)
SEARCH INTERCEPT LOC RECORD ANALYSE RADIATED EM ENERGY FOR OWN EXPL

ESM PROVIDES EW INFO FOR ECM & ECCM

SIGINT
ELINT COMINT

WARNING RWR, LWR, MWR, ETC HOMING WPN LOC RDR, ETC

INFO PROVIDED BY ESM RECEIVER

FREQ OF OP DIRN/ LOC CALL SIGNS PRF PW TYPE OF MODULATION LOC OF UNITS ANTENNA SCAN RATE EOB FREQ IN USE

ESM PLATFORMS
DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF ESM PLATFORM

TYPES OF ESM PLATFORMS

HT OF ESM RXR CONTINUITY OF OP FLEXIBILITY RELIABILITY ACCURACY ECONOMY EASE OF MAINT

GRND BASED SHIP BORNE SUBMARINE AEROSTAT BASED AIRBORNE SATELLITE BASED

AIRBORNE ECM

INTRODUCTION
WHY ECM REQD?
SPEED, ACCURACY, STEALTH & LETHALITY OF MSLS & GUNS HAVE INCREASED EXPONENTIALLY HIGH SPEED DETECTION, ANALYSIS OF SIGNATURE, TRACKING AND COUTER MEASURES HAVE BECOME IMPERATIVE FOR SURVIVAL

ECM

CONFUSION ACTIVE PASSIVE

DECEPTION ACTIVE

HARDKILL EMP

PASSIVE

SPOT JAMMING CHAFF BARRAGE JAMMING SWEEP THROUGH JAMMING SMART NOISE

DECOYS REPEATER SYNTHESISED IR FLARES CORNER REFLECTORS STEALTH DRONES/RPVs/UAVs

NOISE JAMMING
THE DELIBERATE RADIATION OR REFLECTION OF

EM ENERGY WITH THE OBJECT OF IMPAIRING THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM, EQPT, DEVICE OF THE ADVERSARY

DECEPTION JAMMING
THE

DELIBERATE RADIATION, ALTERATION OR

REFLECTION OF EM ENERGY IN A MANNER

INTENDED TO MISLEAD THE USE OF ELECTRONIC

DEVICES, SYSTEMS OR EQPT BY THE ADVERSARY

SPOT JAMMER
JAMMING PWR

FO
Continuous.
High power.

FREQ

Requires knowledge of victim rdr freq.

Inability to counter freq agile rdrs.

One jammer per victim.

BARRAGE JAMMER
JAMMING POWER

FO

F1

F2

F3

FREQUENCY

Continuous. Low power.

Requires knowledge of victim approx rdr freq rg.

Inability to counter freq agile rdrs. One jammer for many victims.

SWEEP JAMMER
JAMMING POWER

FO

F1

FREQUENCY

F2

F3

Not continuous.
High power. Precise freq of victim rdr not essential.

One jammer for many victims.

PASSIVE ECM
CHAFF.

IR FLARES. DECOYS.
CHAFF LOOKS LIKE MILLIONS OF TINY STRANDS OF

ALUMINUM FOIL AND EACH STRIP IS CUT TO LENGTH TO MATCH THE VARIOUS WAVELENGTHS OF THE RADAR. USING CHAFF TO COMBAT RADAR WAS USED AS EARLY AS WWII AND STILL PROVES VERY EFFECTIVE AGAINST NEARLY ALL RADAR THREATS. FLARES ARE WHITE HOT MAGNESIUM THAT ARE DESIGNED TO DEFEAT A MISSILE'S INFRA-RED (IR) TRACKING MECHANISMS.

CHAFF
GLASS SILICATE FIBRES WITH AL FOILS/STRIPS COATING.
RADAR OUTPUT AMPLIFIED AND REFLECTED TO PRODUCE SPURIOUS TARGET ECHOES. IT PROVIDES A MORE ATTRACTIVE TARGET TO THE RADAR. FOR CHAFF TO BE EFFECTIVE, IT SHOULD BE A BETTER TARGET THAN AC, BY PROVIDING MORE RCS THAN ACS RCS AFTER THE CHAFF IS EJECTED FROM THE AC AND INTO THE AC SLIPSTREAM, THE CHAFF PACKAGES BURST OPEN AND THE FIBERS SCATTER TO FORM A RADAR-REFLECTIVE CLOUD CALLED A CHAFF CORRIDOR. EACH CHAFF PACKAGE IS DESIGNED TO SIMULATE AN AC. SEVERAL AC CAN CREATE A CHAFF CURTAIN,

CONSISTING OF THOUSANDS OF FALSE TARGETS, WHICH

CONFUSE THE RADAR GUIDANCE PACKAGE ON A MISSILE SO THEY ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE REAL TARGETS WITHIN THE CHAFF CLOUD.

FLARE
HEAT SOURCES DEPLOYED IN THE ATMOSPHERE TO CONFUSE
THE HEAT SEEKING MISSILES. GENERALLY MADE UP OF MAGNESIUM TEFLON PELLET CONTAINED IN IR FLARE CARTRIDGE. A DISPENSE SIG WILL FIRE EXPLOSIVE SQUIB IN CARTRIDGE AND EJECT THE IGNITED PELLET IN THE SLIPSTREAM. WHICH ON BURNING GIVES POWERFUL IR SOURCE ( DURATION SEVERAL SECONDS) TO HEAT SEEKING WEAPON
TYPES DECOY FLARES GROUND ILLUMINATION FLARES

SQUIB

Flare Cartridge

Missile Seeker Seduction from Aircraft by Flare

Missile FOV

Power Centroid of Aircraft and Flare

DECOY

SMALL AIRCRAFT LIKE VECHILE MADE TO APPEAR TO THE RADAR OF SAME RCS AS THAT OF AIRCRAFT

DECOYS

LURE THE INCOMING MISSILE PRESENTING A MORE ATTRACTIVE TARGET.

BY

Towed Decoy Basic Theory

STEALTH TECHNOLOGY
A VARIETY OF TECHNOLOGY COMBINED TO MAKE AC DISAPPEAR VARIOUS TECHNIQUES THERMAL SIGNATURE REDUCTION. EMISSION CONTROL. CAMOUFLAGE. NOISE SUPPRESSION. RADAR CROSS SECTION REDUCTION. ELIMINATION OF SMOKE TRAIL.

ECCM

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ECCM REQD?
ACTIONS TAKEN TO ENSURE FRIENDLY USE OF EM SPECTRUM DESPITE ENEMYS USE OF EW
ECCM

ANTI ESM EEP EES

ANTI ECM OPERATIONAL MEASURES

RXR RELATED ECCM

TECH MEASURES
TXR RELATED ECCM

TRG MEASURES

ANTENNA RELATED ECCM

DETECT ENEMY ESM ACTIVITY BY

JUDICIAL IMPOSITION OF ELECTRONICEMISSION POLICY (EEP) MEASURES INVOLVING ELECTRONICEMISSION SECURITY (EES)

EEP
ELECTRONIC EMISSION POLICY (EEP) IS A COMMANDFUNCTION. IT LAYS DOWN RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OFELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OF OPERATIONS. IT IS EVOLVED AT THE FIELD FORCE LEVEL AND IS CONVEYED TO THE LOWER FORMATIONS THROUGH OPERATIONAL ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS EEP IS THE POLICY WHICH LAYS DOWN DEGREE OF FREEDOM ALLOWED IN THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS TO COUNTER ENEMYS CAPABILITY TO DETECT, IDENTIFY AND LOCATE OWN EMITTERS FOR EXPLOITATION BY HOSTILE ACTION AND EXERCISE CONTROL OVER OWN EMISSIONS TO MINIMIZE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

PURPOSE OF EEP
IT REDUCES THE REACTION TIME AVAILABLE TO THE ENEMY ESM ORGANIZATION TO ACQUIRE INTELLIGENCE STUDY THE TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF OUR ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS. IT DENIES INTELLIGENCE THAT MAY BE GAINED BY THE ENEMY THROUGH INTERCEPTION. IT ENABLES A BETTER CONTROL ON ALL EMISSIONS

ELECTRONIC EMISSION SECURITY(EES)

ONCE THE EMISSION POLICY HAS BEEN DECIDED MEASURES ARE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT THE ENEMYS ESM ORGANIZATION GETS THE LEAST

POSSIBLE INFORMATION FROM OWN ELECTROMAGNETIC

TRANSMISSIONS. THIS IS KNOWN AS EES. THE BASIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR EES ARE :(A) THE DIRECTION OF TRANSMISSION. (B) THE FREQUENCIES OF TRANSMISSION. (C) SECURITY OF TYPES OF EMITTERS AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS. (D) OBSERVANCE OF SECURITY RULES AND SAFETYMEASURES. CHARACTERISTICSOF

AIM OF ANTI-ESM
ECCM IS TO COUNTER AND DETECT THE ENEMYESM ACTIVITY BY JUDICIAL IMPOSITION OF ELECTRONICEMISSION POLICY (EEP) MEASURES INVOLVING ELECTRONICEMISSION SECURITY (EES)