Weather and Climate

A Course for S1
Weather Elements
1. Temperature
2. Precipitation
3. Wind Speed
4. Wind Direction
5. Cloud Cover
6. Cloud Type
7. Visibility
8. Air Pressure
How do we measure the
weather ?
Max & Min.
Temperature
Thermometer
Precipitation Rain Gauge
Air Pressure Barometer
Wind Speed Anemometer
Wind Direction Wind Vane
Cloud Type Observation
Cloud Cover Observation
Visibility Observation
The Stevenson Screen
Characteristics
– It is white
– It has slatted
sides
– It has a double
roof
– It is on stilts
– Its door opens
northwards
Name all of the
following instruments
What type of cloud is
this ?

Found at high altitudes -

CIRRUS
What type of cloud is
this ?

They rise to very great heights

and are associated with
thunderstorms -
CUMULONIMBUS
What type of cloud is
this ?

Often known as fair-weather

clouds - CUMULUS
What type of cloud is
this ?

Fog-like cloud near the

ground - STRATUS.
An interesting website
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/gcsebitesize/
geography/weather_and_climate/elements_
of_weather_rev.shtml#cloud
What is the difference
between weather and
climate ?
WEATHER CLIMATE
is about day to day is the average or
changes in the typical weather of
atmosphere. It a place worked out
includes changes over a long period
in temperature, of time.
rainfall, sunshine
& wind)
We know that in Britain it gets cold in
the winter and warm in the summer.
This is climate.
But we don't know if it is going to be
warm tomorrow or not. This is the
weather.
Microclimate
Differences in TEMPERATURE are due to :
Hills - make the climate cooler
Trees - also make the climate cooler
Water - also cools down the surrounding area
Type of Surface - a dark surface is warmer than a
light surface
Buildings - may give off heat
Aspect - south-facing slopes are warmer - WHY ?
Microclimate
(continued)
Differences in wind speed are
affected by :
Hills - hilltops are windier
Water areas - produce more wind
Buildings - generally reduce wind
speed but can channel winds and
increase their speed
Trees, hedges and walls - reduce
wind speed over a short distance
United Kingdom –
Rainfall Figures
Look at the map of
rainfall
figures for the
United
Kingdom

6. Which area is the

wettest ?
7. Which area is the
driest ?
United Kingdom –
January Temperatures
1. Where are the
temperatures
warmest ?
2. Where are the
temperatures
coldest ?
United Kingdom – July
Temperatures
1. Where are the
temperatures
warmest ?
2. Where are the
temperatures
coldest ?
3. How does the
pattern differ
from January ?
Relief Rainfall
✔ Stage 1.
Warm wet air is forced
to rise over high land.
✔ Stage 2.
As the air rises it cools
and condenses.
Clouds form and
precipitation occurs.
✔ Stage 3.
The drier air descends
and warms.
✔ Stage 4.
✔ Any moisture in the
air (e.g. cloud)