Pressure systems

Depressions or Lows
Anticyclones or Highs Cols Troughs Ridges

CAE NLS sect6 TB

depressions
Frontal depressions

Non-frontal depressions: Thermal low Orographic low Polar Low Cold pool, low aloft

Tropical Cyclones/storms
Tornadoes, dust whirls, dust devils
CAE NLS sect6 TB 2

Wave development NH N

CAE NLS sect6 TB

EEN DEPRESSIE-FAMILIE

Blz 6.3 2de alinea

Dochter

Moeder

Kleindochter

CAE NLS sect6 TB

CAE NLS sect6 TB

ISOBARENPATRONEN

Temporary
cold high= TrekH Ridge trough

hoog

Ridge

CAE NLS sect6 TB

CAE NLS sect6 TB

In frontal depressions , this one is first!!!

Next slide, Jet stream! When DIV > CONV: Surface Low will deepen!

CAE NLS sect6 TB

EEN DEPRESSIE-FAMILIE

Jet stream*

Moeder

Dochter

Kleindochter

CAE NLS sect6 TB

Frontal depressions If there is an area of divergence in the upper air above the polar front lowpressure development will occur at the surface frontal wave active weather (stratiform clouds/rain) Cold low = frontal low = dynamic low

Let op de drukvlakken!!!

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Non-frontal depressions: thermal depression (sim Sea Breeze)

thermal depression = warm low

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Orographic low

stuwrug L

wind
lijvore

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stuwrug

opstapelen
wind berg druktoename

te kort

drukafname

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Lee trough after Rocky Mountains

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 Polar Low Small depression in lower level (< 15.000 ft) in winter time formed in arctic or polair air over warmer water. ELR becomes unstable when low is moving south over warm water.
Cb, mainly snowshowers. CBs are the main source of energy, similar to Tropical Cyclones
500 hPa

L
sfc

1000 hPa
CAE NLS sect6 TB 15

Cu streets over warm water

Greenland

Little showers

Big(ger) showers

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Cold pool (Koude Put) cold air in upper level increasing unstability summer thundershowers

winter snowshowers/snow
L
500 hPa 1000 hPa sfc
CAE NLS sect6 TB 17

Tropical cyclone (page 8.20 ev) Clusters or walls of big showers organizing around center of low warm low because of release energy from condensation in showers Most intense weather system on earth!!!
300 hPa 500 hPa 1000 hPa

Showers up to 16 km!

Cyclostrophic winds (Gradient wind sfc balances centrifugal force, Coriolis is nil)

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CAE NLS sect6 TB

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BOVENAANZICHT VAN EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE CYCLOON MET EEN OOG IN HET CENTRUM

Deze afmeting kan maximaal bereikt worden, meestal zijn ze veel kleiner, straal zon 200 nm.

A
100 NM 200 NM 300 NM 400 NM

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CAE NLS sect6 TB

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WINDVERDELING IN EEN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE CYCLOON

Isotachen*

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TEMPERATUURVERDELING IN EN ROND EEN VOLWASSEN TROPISCHE CYCLOON

T 16 graden warmer than average.!!!

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CAE NLS sect6 TB

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Hurricane Elena aug/sept 1985

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Rain an track
15.67 inch = 39,8 cm =

398 mm !!!*

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Tracks of Tropical ]cyclones

Tropical Cyclones strange movements! Average tracks page 8.23/24

CAE NLS sect6 TB 27

Names of Tropical Cyclones in the World: (page 8.23) Hurricane (Atl Ocean / Caribean) Typhoon (Asia, North and South Pacific) Cyclones (Tropical Cyclones) (Indian Ocean, Australia) (Baguio or bagyo - Old name near Philipines)

Willy Willy is a dust devil* !!!)

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Map of the cumulative tracks of all tropical cyclones during the 1985 2005 time period. The Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line sees more tropical cyclones than any other basin, while there is almost no activity in the Atlantic Ocean south of the Equator.
CAE NLS sect6 TB 29

anticyclones warm high

cold high
subtropical high blocking high migration high Subsidence Convergence > Divergence

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Warm high In the center the air is warmer than around

Mind the pressure surfaces!!

Warm high = dynamic high => subtropical high (Azores)

CAE NLS sect6 TB 31

Blz 8.2

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32

Cold High

Cold high = thermal high*

The air is cold, so much denser. Often big winter highs over a continent (!) are Cold Highs Siberia, Antartica

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Foto: T.A. de Boer

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Blocking highs Always Warm Highs: to have a barrier in the upper air to prevent a normal westerly flow. They last for more than one week, sometimes month! 1st Omega blocking:

jet jet
Long period of calm weather when you are in the high.but bad in the lows besides*
CAE NLS sect6 TB 35

Blocking highs Always Warm Highs: to have a barrier in the upper air to prevent a normal westerly flow. They last for more than one week, sometimes month! 1st Omega blocking:

jet jet
Long period of calm weather when you are in the high.but bad in the lows besides*
CAE NLS sect6 TB 36

Blocking highs
2nd: Diffluent blocking:

Jet stream*

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37

Migratory high* (Cold high!)

High/ridge moving between two frontal lowpressure systems

CAE NLS sect6 TB 38

Cols (ZADELGEBIEDEN)

Anticyclonic col curveture of high isobars is most

Cyclonic col curveture of low isobars is most Symmetric col curveture of isobars is similar In cols low variable winds

often foggy (winter)

Last < week
CAE NLS sect6 TB 39

Cols

Anticyclonic col

Symmetric col
Cyclonic col
CAE NLS sect6 TB 40

Herhaling Druksystemen

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41

depressions
Frontal depressions

Non-frontal depressions: Thermal low Orographic low Polar Low Cold pool, low aloft Tropical Cyclones/storms Tornadoes, dust whirls, dust devils CAE NLS sect6 TB
42

Frontal depressions
Always Cold Lows! Axis is tilted upwards

Upper air is behind compared to direction of motion!

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Non-frontal depressions:
Thermal low Orographic low

Polar Low
Cold pool, low aloft Tropical Cyclones/storms

Tornadoes, dust whirls, dust devils

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anticyclones
warm high cold high subtropical high blocking high

migration high

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Cold and warm, Lows and Highs

surface Cold Low Warm Low

Warm High
CAE NLS sect6 TB

Cold High
46

Cold and warm, Lows and Highs

surface Cold Low Warm Low

1) Frontal low
2) Cold pool 3) Orografic low

1) Thermal Low
2) Tropical Cyclone 3) Polar Low !!!

4) Tornado

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Cold and warm, Lows and Highs

Warm High 1) Subtropical Highs 2) Blocking Highs

Cold High 1) Winter Highs over continents 2) Migration Highs

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CAE NLS sect6 TB

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General Ciculation Low

Sturend Laag/ Algemene Circulatie Laag

Almost stationary

N
L

Almost stationary

H
Subtropical High

Z
50

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