In-Building Engineering Technology and Component Theory Presentation

Indoor Coverage Engineering Technology and Passive Device
Principle Presentation
Huawei IBS Department

August 10 2008
Contents
Chapter 1 Indoor Coverage Engineering
1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
2. Indoor Coverage Construction Procedure 3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure 4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle

1. Splitter 2. Coupler
3. Hybrid
4. Combiner 5. Attenuator
2
Indoor Coverage Design Criterion
Step 3 Confirm antenna port power
Step 2 Analyze indoor promulgation model
TX/Rx
Step 1Confirm coverage Criterion
Node B
Step 4 Confirm the antenna coverage radius and location to guide the installation
After finishing the 4 steps, start indoor coverage design.
Indoor Coverage Engineer

Confirm Coverage Criterion Plan Antenna Port Power Indoor Promulgation Model
Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius
Confirm Coverage Criterion
WCDMA Coverage Area Traffic Model

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 64Kbps Video Call Third Level 128Kbps VOIP Second Level 384Kbps HSDPA/HSUPA First Level Traffic Model
Coverage Level
Coverage Area Function Vendors Office Building Business Hotel above 3 Stars High Grade Business Building Huge Shopping Center for IT Huge Exhibition and Airport High Grade Living Apartment Hotel Office Building KTV and Shopping Plaza Big and High traffic Shopping or Market Living Apartment Elevator Parking

WCDMA Indoor Coverage Criterion Reference Value
No.
1 2 3
Traffic
384Kbps 128Kbps 64Kbps 12.2Kbps
Level
First Second Third
Ec
-85dBm -90dBm -95dBm
Ec/Io
-8dB -10dB -12dB
Remark
High speed data load area Slow speed data load area Video Call, VOIP and so on
Spillage
10m far away from the buildingthe first outdoor cell Pilot Ec/Io indoor cell Pilot Ec/Io 5dB
Note: System load, downlink 75%, uplink 50%.

Others WCDMA Indoor Criterion Reference Value
Good handover between the indoor cell and outdoor cell CQT:CS Traffic BLER less than 1%; PS Traffic BLER less than10% Antenna Distributed System VSWR1.5 Call Set up Success Rate (all QOS traffics) : normally speaking 95% Call Drop Rate: normally speaking 1% Congestion Rate : normally speaking 2% Soft handover Success Rate : normally speaking 98% Soft handover Rate : normally speaking 30% Softer handover Success Rate : normally speaking 98% Hard handover Success Rate : normally speaking 89%

Plan Antenna Port Power
Far and near effect MCL Value
TX/Rx
Node B
Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) is defined the minimum coupling loss between the BTS receiver and the Cell phone transmitter.
MCL has made up by two parts: the free space loss between the indoor
antenna and the cell phone, the path loss between the BTS receiver and the indoor antenna.
The UE transmitter power is less than -50dBm according to 3GPP, and based on the above simulation diagram if MCL is -45dBm, it is -
95dBm of the signal from cell phone transmitter to BTS receiver,

that is to say it raise the noise by about 9dB.(BTS Background Noise is -105dBm)
10

If MCL is 65dB, the signal is -115dBm from UE transmitter to BTS
receiver, and it raises the noise by less than 0.4dB based on the MCL Simulation Diagram and is ignored. So the MCL is up to 65dB for indoor distributed system.
Assume the distance is 1m between the indoor antenna and UE, the
frequency is 2100MHz, and then the free space loss is 38dB between the indoor antenna and cell phone transmitter; Assume the path loss is the same for uplink and downlink, their frequency is close; And if MCL =38dB+33-CPICH is more than 65dB, The antenna port Pilot Channel power is less than 6dBm According to coverage criterion, the reference CPICH of antenna port power should be 05dBm.
11

12
WCDAM Indoor Promulgation Model

ITU-R P.1238 Indoor Promulgation Model It is separated to NLOS and LOS; For NLOS, the model formula
L ID 20 * log(f) N * log(d) L f(n) 28dB X ( NLOS)

For LOS, the model formula
PL LOS 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB X (LOS )
N Distance Loss Coefficient

Frequency, Unit is MHz d Distance between Antenna and Cell phone, Unit is m L f n Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient X Slow fading margin, it depends on coverage probability and indoor slow fading criterion
L f n
N
Frequency (GHz) 1.8-2GHz
Distance Loss Coefficient Residential area 28 Office 30 Shopping 22
L f n
Frequency (GHz) 1.8-2GHz
Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient Residential area 4n Office 15+4(n-1) Shopping 6+3(n-1)
For indoor coverage the Floor Penetration Loss Coefficient should be the Wall Penetration Loss Coefficient. 13

Keenan-Motley Indoor Promulgation Model
PL dB 32.5 20log f 20log d P W

Keenan-Motley Model is made up by the free space promulgation model and the wall penetration loss. Frequency, Unit is MHz d Distance between the antenna and cell phone, Unit is Km P Wall Loss Reference Value W Wall Quantity
It ignores the indoor slow fading margin and body loss.
14

Huawei Indoor Promulgation Model
Based on ITU Model, Keenan-Motley Model and the results of testing and analyzing data, Huawei presents its indoor promulgation model.
PL(d) 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB Lf(n) X

Frequency, Unit is MHz; Distance between the indoor antenna and cell phone, Unit is m; d X Slow Fading Margin, It depends on coverage probability and indoor coverage criterion; n L f n Pi Pi is the i wall penetration loss; n is wall quantity.
i 0
Typical Wall Penetration Loss (dB) Frequency (GHz) 1.8-2GHz Concrete 1530 Bricky 10 Wood 5 Thick Glass 35 Thin Glass 13 Elevator 2030
15
WCDAM Indoor Coverage Link Budget

How many the edge coverage is, after WCDMA signal penetrating one bricky wall?
0dBm ?dBm
PL(d) 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB Lf(n) X

X 0.746dB
L f n 10dB
Edge CoverageCPICHPL(d)Body Loss Assume the antenna port CPICH is 0dBm, Body loss is 6dB,the distance is 10m;PL(d)=20*log(2100)+20*log(10)-28+10+6=75dB Edge Coverage:0dBm-75dB-6dB=-81dBm.
16

17
Typical Scenarios Antenna Coverage Radius

WCDMA Antenna Port CPICH is 05dBm, the edge coverage Ec-90dBm; 2G Antenna Port BCCH is 10dBm, the edge coverage -85dBm. Scenarios KTV Plaza Hotel and Restaurant Office Building and Shopping Mall Parking/ Meeting/Hall Description Thick wall and private washing room near the door Bricky wall and private rest room near the door Glass wall or Shelves Partition Open area mainly and the pillars or equipment room in the middle Open and High Antenna Ceiling Omni 3G Radius 810m 2G Radius 1012m
Ceiling Omni
1012m
1215m
Ceiling Omni
1215m
1520m
Ceiling Omni
1520m
25m
Exhibition
Directional Direction toward elevator hall Direction toward elevator shaft
50m 3 floors 5 floors
100m 5 floors 7 floors 18
Elevator
Guest
Contents

3. Hybrid
19
Indoor Site Construction Procedure

Customer providing building name, coverage area, target and requirement Building summary (floor function, structure and electromagnetism ), customer special requirement Coverage, Capacity, Interference, Cost, Installation, design document, Drawing and quotation and so on
Site Acquisition
Site Survey
Indoor Design
N
Customer Check and approve indoor design Packed and delivered BOQ, arrange Installation Coordinator, installation based on the design document strictly Defined the change type, simple change and big change; Site field supervisor in charge of simple change; designer do the big change, and submitted the change order Coverage test and hardware installation acceptance Output walk test report and as-built document Modification depends on the situation, the owner and the customer. Commercial launch one month later, walk test, drive test and call quality test Acceptance and signature
Design Approval
Y
Implementation
Solution Change
N
As-built
Project Modification
N
Acceptance 20
Indoor Site Survey

Define traffic and service
Different traffic and service have different coverage requirement.
Different type building and different floor of the building have the different coverage requirement.
Define Acceptance KPI

Coverage Requirement;
Network KPI.
Define coverage area

Whole building coverage or part building
coverage except car-parking, elevator

and so on.
21
Contents

3. Hybrid
22
Indoor Engineering Design
3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure

Survey target Engineering Survey Electromagnetism Survey Simulation test
23
Indoor Coverage Survey Target

Survey target
Survey the building structure, electromagnetism environment,
owner request and so on; confirm the indoor distributed

antenna system solution.
work before survey

Tools and documents
24

Work before survey
Get operators survey permission and owners access
Collect the distribution and location of outdoor sites near it Get the building plan and correlative data from the subscribers or the owner; in case no, the site survey engineer should draw the building
floor plan or take photo for the fire control plan.

Before site survey, read carefully the building plan, have the clear understanding about the building structure
Know the coverage requirement, for example coverage area and coverage level
25

Tools and Documents
WCDMA Test Phone WCDMA Signal Source
GSM Test Phone( including SIM Card)

WCDMA GSM
Simulation Transmitter
WCDMA Receiver
Digital Camera Laptop (including WCDMA and GSM test software)

Simulation test omni antenna
GPS(including compass)
Building Plan
Tapeline or infrared range finder
Site survey report
26

27
Indoor engineering survey
Site Description
Geography location of indoor site Building height, floor and total area
Description for coverage area Description and division for

building floor function Building design plan
28
Indoor Engineering Survey

Survey the building structure
1
Based on the building structure to confirm the coverage radius and the location of indoor antenna Based on the ceiling structure to confirm the cable feeder route Confirm the location and quantity of low power well, redundancy space for laying the cable Confirm the location and quantity of elevator well, exit and entrance location for the cable Confirm the function and operation region for all elevators Confirm the location of main equipment room Confirm the power access point for indoor coverage system Confirm the grounding system of building, including the points and resistance
29
4 5 6 7 8

30
GSM Electromagnetic Environment Test

Based on the customer request and the GSM network
performance test result to confirm how to solve the problems GSM Electromagnetic Environment Test Contents
Main BCCH Rx Level, the parameters for BSIC,LAC,CI,C1 and C2, the call quality level in coverage area; Statistical call set up success rate, call drop rate, the handover and the interference and so on; Frequent handover area and max BCCH Rx level; Border upon cell frequency point and Rx level; Frozen area or closed area; Range signal and max Rx level; Hopping status, hopping type and cell ID and so on; Based on the current radio environment to confirm the interference between the operators.
31
WCDMA Electromagnetic Environment Test

WCDMA Electromagnetic Environment Test Parameters Scrambling Code, Ec, Ec/Io, TX_POWER, BLER, Handover
Success Rate, Call Drop Rate and so on.

Data Analyzing Information
Current radio network condition for coverage areadefined frozen area,
pilot polluted area, the signal power and quantity of outdoor cells
penetrated through indoor area, the interference area, the call set up success rate, call drop rate, handover and so on) EcEc/IoTX route of outdoor cells penetrated through indoor area;
SCEcEc/IoTxBLER list and statistical percentage value;

Presented the special condition in the analyzing report for every floor.
32
Electromagnetic Environment Test

Electromagnetic Environment Test Route
Entrance and exit
The edge of the floor
of the elevators and stairs
Following the porch on the floor
Based on the building condition to define the low coverage area
33
Electromagnetic Environment Test
Attention Points
The height is 1.5 meters between the story and test phone. Test performs on different structure floor including detailed test route. Scanning frequency test performs on the floor except the underground car parking and the same structure floor. Test performs on no-standard floor per 5 or 8 stories. The results of walk test analyzing shows with the statistical histogram in the design document.
34

35
Simulation Test
Simulation test attention points

Choose the typical story to test;
Choose the typical position to test (porch, back door, middle of the room and near by the window);
Summarize the test methods and results.

36
Contents

3. Hybrid
37
Indoor Coverage Engineering

4. Indoor Coverage System Design
Design General Principle and Procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice How to plan the cells Confirm the equipment location Antenna Distribution How to cover the elevator Cable Route
Power Distribution
Control Handover Control Interference and Spillage Design Cases
38
Design General Principle
Lower power, more antennas Dripping Filling Principle
First Part plan, Second trunk First Horizon plan, Second vertical
Use 7/8 cable on trunk Use 1/2 cable on branch less 30m
Use coupler on trunk Use splitter on branch
39
Indoor Design Procedure

After surveying, start indoor design based on the following procedure
Signal Source and Distributed System choice Plan Coverage Cell Confirm the location of
the antennas and main equipment

System handover planning Antenna Distribution (Horizon)
Control the interference

between indoor and outdoor
Planning cable route Distribution Loss Path Loss in Cable Elevator Coverage of Passive Device
Power Distribution (On trunk)

40

Power Distribution
41
Signal Source and Distributed System Choice

Signal Source
Macro BTS BBU+RRU
BBU+RHUB+pRRU (Digital Distributed System
Repeater
42

DAS Distributed Antenna System DAS
DLS Distributed Leaky Cable System
DLS
Mixed Distributed Antenna and Leaky Cable System
Mixed
Indoor Distributed System ODN iDBS
ODN Optical Fiber Distributed System iDBS indoor Distributed Node B System
43

Some advices about the Signal Source and Indoor Distributed System
Scenario Type and Area Mini Buildings<5000m2 Small Buildings 5000~20000m2 Middle Building 2000060000m2 Large Building>60000m2 Signal Source Repeater RRU RRU/Macro BTS RRU/Macro BTS /pRRU Distributed System DAS DAS DAS iDBS/DAS/ODN
Super Huge Building >150000 m2

Narrow and long Building Subway
Macro BTS/pRRU
RRU/Macro BTS
iDBS/DAS/ODN
DASEntrance and Exit DLSTunnel Optical Fiber+RRU
Railway and Tunnel
RRU/Repeater
DAS DLS ODN

44

Power Distribution
45
How to plan the Cells
Coverage Capacity
Cell Capacity
Coverage Area
Cell Coverage Area
Plan the Cells

by Capacity
Plan the Cells by Coverage Area
Horizon Plan
Vertical Plan
UNIVERSITY
U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y U UN NI IV VE ER RS SI IT TY Y
U N I V E R S I T Y
46

Power Distribution
47
Confirm the equipment location
Elevator Room
Parking
Special Room
Location
Well
Stair Room
48

Power Distribution
49
Antenna Distribution
Indoor Antenna Choice
Ceiling Omni Antenna
Smoke Inductor Omni Antenna
Lampshade Omni Antenna Ceiling Omni Antenna
Omni Antenna
Panel Antenna Panel Antenna Yoki Antenna
50
Antenna Distribution Attention Points Lay antennas in public area Use lower power, more antennas distribution in close area Use higher power, less antennas distribution in open area Use panel antenna to avoid the spillage in edge area Use panel antenna and yaki-antenna to cover the elevators Avoid the handover area in elevator well; in case call drop rises Min coverage signal power 6 dB more than the main signal power
51
Based on the different scenario to plan the antenna distribution
Open Space1520m
Standard Story
Glass Partition1215m
Bricky Wall Partition1012m)
Low Stories
Concrete Wall Partition810m Antenna Direction
Elevator
toward elevator hall(3 floors Antenna Direction
Parking
toward elevator well(5 floors
52
Top Grade Apartment Antenna Distribution Schematic Drawing
53
Super Shopping Mall Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
Sparse Shelves
Dense Shelves
Antenna Coverage Radius 12~15m

54
Super Shopping Mall Indoor Coverage Test Result
Sparse Shelves
55
Super Shopping Mall Indoor Coverage Test Result
Dense Shelves
56
KTV Plaza/Bar Indoor Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
57
Hotel Guest Story Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
58
Parking Indoor Antenna Distribution Schematic Diagram
59

Power Distribution
60
How to cover the elevator
Antenna Port Power GSM BCCH 10dBm WCDMA CPICH 5dBm
Antenna Direction toward
Antenna Direction toward
The Elevator Well

GSM: 7 floors WCDMA: 5 floors
The Elevator Hall

GSM: 5 floors WCDMA: 3 floors
61

Power Distribution
62
Cable Route
1After getting the owners permission, the indoor cable route follows the parking, the low power well, the elevator well, the ceiling and so on;
2Reuse the existing wells to lay the cable in the living gardens, for
example the redundancy wells for power system and street lamp cable, the optical fiber wells, the water wells, the television wells and so on.
63

Power Distribution
64
Power Distribution
Using the below passive device to distribute power
Coaxial Cable
Power Splitter
Power Coupler
65
Power Distribution
Power Splitter
Power Splitter
First Horizon Plan, use the power splitter to keep balance for the power;
Use 1/2 Coaxial cable less 30 meters on the story Based on the antenna quantity to choose the 2 ways, 3 Ways and 4 ways power splitter
66
Power Distribution
Coupler
Coupler
RRU
BBU
Second Trunk, use coupler and 7/8 coaxial cable to save the path loss on the trunk
Based on the trunk power and the requirement of the horizon story to choose 5dB, 6dB, 7dB, 10dB, 15dB or 20dB coupler
67
Power Distribution
Design General Idea
Coupler on the trunk to install in the cable wells Splitter on the horizon story to install in cable wells or above the ceiling
Installation Schematic diagram
Main equipment to install in the room or against wall
68
Power Distribution
If only using the couplers are used on the trunk, the power balance couldnt to keep; so using the couplers and splitters to instead of only using the couplers.
10dB
Only Coupling
10dB 15dB 5dBm 5dBm 1dBm 1dBm 2dBm 2dBm 15dB Coupler RRU Splitter
RRU
BBU
BBU
Coupler and Splitter

69
Power Distribution
If the owner or the customer has some special request, all passive device should be installed in the cable well to ensure the installation and maintenance in the future.
RRU
BBU
Main using splitter on trunk
70

Power Distribution
71
Control System Handover
Where is the indoor handover area?
Beside windows per story Elevator door per story
Entrance and exit parking
Hall entrance & exit
72

Generally speaking the handover area is outdoor area 5~7 meters far from the hall gate, that is to say in this area the indoor cell CPICH RSCP is less than -95dBm based on the spillage index. The handover area should not be not only near by the road but also deep through the hall. Handover area
Control handover methods in hall: Lower power and more antennas Use the directional indoor antenna Adjustable antenna power
73

Elevator handover design strategy: Use the same cell to cover the same elevator Configure the neighbor cell if there are 2 or more different cells in one elevator Use the antenna direction toward to the elevator hall Elevator hall is the handover area when the elevator cell is different from the elevator hall
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F ANT1- 7F- n ANT1 -11 F-n
Cell A
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F ANT1 -11 F-n ANT1 -11 F-n
7F 6F 5F 4F
Cell B
ANT1- 3F- n
7F 6F 5F 4F
ANT1- 7F- n
ANT1- 7F- n
3F 2F 1F B1 F
3F 2F 1F B1 F
ANT1- 3F- n
ANT1- 3F- n
The same cell
Handover in well Handover in hall
Hall
74
High rise handover design strategy: Lower power and more antennas, install the antenna in the room;
Use the directional antenna and install it against the windows.
75

Parking handover design strategy
Shaft A
Install the antenna near by the parking

Shaft B
entrance & exit
76

Power Distribution
77
Control Interference and Spillage
Nod e B
Nod e B
Node B
Lower power and more antennas is good method to control the interference and spillage between indoor and outdoor cells; The installation of directional antenna is other way to control interference and spillage; To optimize the outdoor network
Nod e B
78

Power Distribution
79
Design Cases
AITU xx Indoor Coverage Project

Building height B4F75F; B4F-B1F and 1F-4F Car parking;
GF Stores;
5F Chamber; 6F75F Apartment;
B4F4F 3600 m2 per floor;

5F-6F 1500m2 per floor.
80
Design Cases
RRU+DAS
Cell A B4F-21F
Plan the coverage cells
Cell B 22F-48F Cell C 49F-75F
Confirm the equipment location
G26F55F 6 antennas B4F-5F 4 antennas 6F-75F Well and Ceiling
Antenna Distributed
(Horizon Story/Floor)
Cable Route
Elevator Coverage
Laying 2 antennas in elevator hall
Power Distribution (On trunk route) 81
Design Cases
Shaft
Shaft A
Shaft
Shaft B
Parking Antenna Distribution
Stories Antenna Distribution
To install power splitter in the stories shaft; To use 1/2 coaxial cable in the horizon story.
82
Design Cases
Cell A System Schematic Diagram(B4F-21F)
83
Contents

3. Hybrid
84
Indoor Coverage Passive Device

Splitter
Coupler
Hybrid Combiner
Attenuator
85
Splitter Introduction
Power Splitter is one device to separate the RF signal power equally.
Air-lacuna Power Splitter Mini Band Power Splitter
The differences between them: Waterproof, Handling Power, Insertion loss and so on.
86
Power Splitter Structure Schematic Diagram
2 Ways Splitter
3 Ways Splitter
87
Power Splitter Test Schematic Diagram
Port 1 for VSWR Test, Port 2 and 3 for Insertion Loss Test.
Insertion Loss
VSWR TEST
Insertion Loss
88
Name Model Frequency Range Splitting Loss Insertion Loss VSWRinput port Power Handling Impedance RF Connectors Dimensions 3 dB 0.2 dB Wide Band Air-lacuna Power Splitter RD-52N/NP-F2 RD-53N/NP-F2 800~2500MHz 4.8 dB 0.2dB 1.2 :1 200W 50 N-K 2106125mm 2336125mm 2336143mm 6 dB 0.2 dB RD-54N/NP-F2
Weight
Temperature Range Humidity
0.3 kg
0.44 kg
-35 ~ +75 95%
0.50 kg
The conductor is the high-quality alloy, the medium is the air; The handling power is very huge, it is up to 200W;the medium loss is very low, it can be ignored; The air-lacuna power splitter can not used to be combiner for low isolation between output ports.
89
Name Frequency Range Splitting Loss Insertion Loss VSWR (input port) Power Handling 3 dB
Mini Band Power Splitter 800~2500MHz 4.8 dB 6 dB
0.3 dB
0.3dB
1.25 :1 50W or 100W 50
0.3 dB
Impedance
Connectors
N-K -35 ~ +75 95%
Temperature Range
Humidity
90
Coupler Introduction
Power Coupler is one device to separate the RF signal power unequally.
Mini Band Power Coupler

Air-lacuna Power Coupler
The differences between them: Waterproof, Handling Power, Insertion loss and so on.
91
Power Coupler Test Schematic Diagram
Coupling Value
VSWR TEST
Insertion Loss
92
Comparing Table between Two Types Coupler
Mini Band Coupler
Waterproof Insertion Loss VSWR Direction Power Handling Intra-structure Dependability Cost Bad High Very bad Very good Small Jointing Middle Low
Air-lacuna Coupler
Good Low Very good Very good Middle Isolated resistance Middle High
93
Name Model Frequency Coupling Wide Band Air-lacuna Power Coupler RC-5NK/NK/NK-xxF1 800-2500MHz 6dB6 0.6dB 10dB10 0.8dB 15dB15 0.8dB 20dB20 0.8dB 30dB30 1.0dB 6dB < 1.7dB 10dB < 0.7dB Insertion Loss VSWR Power Handling Impedance Connectors Dimensions Weight Temperature Humidity 15dB < 0.3dB 20dB < 0.2dB 30dB < 0.15dB 1.2 1 200W 50 N-K 219.662.625mm 0.48 kg -35 ~ +75 95%
94
Hybrid Coupler Introduction
3dB Hybrid is one kind of directional coupler;

Different carries are combined in inter-frequency band.
95
As the power combiner, the two input ports are isolated and the two output ports are opposite. No power loss when two output ports are used.
Only one output port used, terminate with one load in other output, otherwise there is the bad influence for the system; and there is 3dB power loss to terminate with one load in one output.
96

Name Model Frequency Coupling Value Sensitivity Insertion Loss VSWR Input Isolation Power Handling Peak Power Impedance Connector Dimensions Weight Temperature Humidity High Power Hybrid Coupler RB-NKF0 1710-2200 MHz 3dBnominal 0.25dB 0.2dB 1.21 30dB 200W 1.5kW 50 N-K 888720mm 0.2kg -55~+125 95%
97
Combiner Introduction
Combiner is one device made up by the different frequency filters.
GSM900/DCS1800/WCDMA Combiner
GSM900/WCDMA Combiner
GSM900/DCS1800 Combiner
Lower Insertion loss, higher isolation, higher power handling, better temperature dependability and so on.
98
GSM900/DCS1800/WCDMA Combiner
Item Frequency Range(MHz) Dissipative Loss(dB) GSM900 885-960 0.3 20 0.4 300 -140@+43dBm2 -40~+70 N-female GSM1800 1710-1785 1805-1880 0.6 WCDMA 1920-1980 2110-2170 0.6
Isolation between Band(dB)

Pass Band Ripple(dB) Power Handling(W) Intermodulation, PIM(dBc) Temperature() Connectors
99
GSM900/DCS1800 Combiner
Use Operation Frequency Range Frequency Band Combine the inter-frequency band BTS signal Path 1: 8001000MHz
Path 2: 17002000MHz
GSM 200MHz DCS 300MHz
Dissipative Loss
Stationary wave Loss Isolation between Bands Intra-frequency band Control Pass band ripple Maximum input power (Average) Impedance Connectors Temperature Range Relative Humidity
0.5 dB
18dB 50 dB GSM to 17002000MHz50 dB
DCS to 8001000MHz 50 dB
0.3dB 100W 50 N-K -3085 95%
100
Attenuator Introduction
Attenuator is opposite between two ports Attenuator is consumptive Attenuator is coaxial, fixed and adjustable Attenuator is used to control and consume the overload signal power; to extend the measurement range of the power calculator, spectrum, amplifier, receiver and so on; to adjust the indoor distributed system antenna port power.
101
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Indoor Coverage Engineering Technology and Passive Device

Huawei IBS Department

Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle

Indoor Coverage Design Criterion

Step 3 Confirm antenna port power

Step 2 Analyze indoor promulgation model

Step 1Confirm coverage Criterion

After finishing the 4 steps, start indoor coverage design.

Indoor Coverage Engineer

1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion

Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius

Confirm Coverage Criterion

WCDMA Coverage Area Traffic Model

Confirm Coverage Criterion

Note: System load, downlink 75%, uplink 50%.

Confirm Coverage Criterion

Indoor Coverage Engineer

1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion

Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius

Plan Antenna Port Power

Far and near effect MCL Value

Plan Antenna Port Power

95dBm of the signal from cell phone transmitter to BTS receiver,

Plan Antenna Port Power

Indoor Coverage Engineer

1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion

Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius

WCDAM Indoor Promulgation Model

L ID 20 * log(f) N * log(d) L f(n) 28dB X ( NLOS)

PL LOS 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB X (LOS )

N Distance Loss Coefficient

Distance Loss Coefficient Residential area 28 Office 30 Shopping 22

WCDAM Indoor Promulgation Model

PL dB 32.5 20log f 20log d P W

It ignores the indoor slow fading margin and body loss.

WCDAM Indoor Promulgation Model

PL(d) 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB Lf(n) X

WCDAM Indoor Coverage Link Budget

PL(d) 20 * log(f) 20 * log(d) 28dB Lf(n) X

Indoor Coverage Engineer

1. Indoor Coverage Design Criterion

Typical Scenarios Antenna Radius

Typical Scenarios Antenna Coverage Radius

Directional Direction toward elevator hall Direction toward elevator shaft

50m 3 floors 5 floors

100m 5 floors 7 floors 18

Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle

Indoor Site Construction Procedure

Indoor Site Survey

Define Acceptance KPI

Define coverage area

coverage except car-parking, elevator

Chapter 2 Passive Device Principle

Indoor Engineering Design

3. Indoor Coverage Survey Procedure

Indoor Coverage Survey Target

owner request and so on; confirm the indoor distributed

work before survey

Indoor Coverage Survey Target

floor plan or take photo for the fire control plan.

Indoor Coverage Survey Target

GSM Test Phone( including SIM Card)

Digital Camera Laptop (including WCDMA and GSM test software)

Tapeline or infrared range finder