CS4273: Distributed System Technologies and Programming I

Lecture 8: Java Database Connection (JDBC)

Java DataBase Connections (JDBC)

JDBC driver A JDBC driver is located in cslabs dir: /usr/local/jt6/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar You can either: copy the zipped file to your local directory and unzip it: > jar xvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar or make a link from directory com in your local dir to the system JDBC driver. A brief manual of MySQL JDBC in CSlab can be found at: http://personal.cs.cityu.edu.hk/jdemo/
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JDBC Structure
Java applications
JDBC API JDBC driver manager JDBC driver API JDBC/ODBC Bridge ODBC driver database database
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Vendors JDBC driver

2-Tiers Structure

Web server site applet

JDBC

(proxy): 4040

DBMS system

3-Tiers Structure

Web server site applet HTTP server

your CGI server

DBMS system

Demonstration of using MySQL in Cslab

Access MySQL interactive interface: mysql -hhostname -uusername -ppasswd e.g. % mysql -hjserv -ujdemo -papple1 (jserv is the host name of DBMS, jdemo the user name and apple1 the password.) > use db_jdemo; // set database to db_jdemo > select * from COFFEES;

Demonstration of using MySQL in Cslab (Cont.)

More SQL statements > show tables; // list all the table > help; > help contents; > select * from myCOFFEES; > drop table myCOFFEES; > exit; // quit the mysql interface

Java applications and DBMS using JDBC

Java Application JDBC DBMS

Note: no proxy is needed in this case.

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JDBC: Java applications and MySQL

import java.sql.*; public class CreateCoffees { public static void main(String args[]) { String url = jdbc:mysql://jserv.cs.cityu.edu.hk:3306/ db_jdemo; Connection con; Statement stmt; String createString = "create table myCOFFEES " + "(COF_NAME varchar(32), " + "SUP_ID int, " + "PRICE float, " + "SALES int, " + "TOTAL int)"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "jdemo", "apple1"); stmt = con.createStatement(); stmt.executeUpdate(createString); stmt.close(); con.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } }

JDBC: Java applications and MySQL (select)

import java.sql.*; public class SelectCoffees { public static void main(String args[]) { String url = "jdbc:mysql://jserv.cs.cityu.edu.hk:3306 /db_jdemo; Connection con; Statement stmt; String query = "select COF_NAME, PRICE from COFFEES"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "jdemo", "apple1"); stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query); while (rs.next()) { // loop on each row of "rs" String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float f = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); System.out.println(s + " " + f); } stmt.close(); con.close(); } catch(SQLException e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } }

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Steps of JDBC Connection

1. Load driver manager Class.forName("Drivers name"), e.g., Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Class.forName("com.sybase.jdbc.SybDriver"); Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); Note: name components separated by . are a dir path name, relative to the current directory. 2. Make a connection to DBMS system Database URL A database URL specifies where the database is. The general syntax: jdbc: subprotocol_name: other_stuff The format of other_stuff depends on the subprotocol used, e.g., String url="jdbc:mysql://jserv.cs.cityu.edu.hk:3306/db_50704380" String url = jdbc:odbc://whitehouse.gov:5000/Cat String url = "jdbc:sybase:Tds:ntr10:4100"; Database Connection Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, usr, pswd); e.g., con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "jdemo", "apple1");
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Steps of JDBC Connection (Cont.)

3. Create a statement object create a Statement object out of Connection object for every SQL statement: Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); 4. Execute an SQL statement Two types of SQL statements: queries and updates ExecuteQuery ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (select * from books); or: String query = select * from books; ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (query);

ExecuteUpdate stmt.executeUpdate(createString); (there is no return needed for update statements)

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Steps of JDBC Connection (Cont.)

5. Get results from DBMS The execution of an sql query returns a set of rows. Each row consists of several attributes (fields): ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (query); Access Rows of a ResultSet The basic loop for analyzing a result set uses format: while ( rs.next()) { // rs.next pointers to the next row analyze a row of the result set; } Access Attributes of a row Get the value of an attribute by methods of format: Xxx getXxx (int clmn_num) or Xxx getXxx (String clmn_name) e.g., String cofName = rs.getString(1) or String cofName = rs.getString(COF_NAME); There are many other getXxx methods: int supId = rs.getInt (SUP_ID); float price = rs.getDouble (PRICE); . For other types, please refer to JDBC manual.

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JDBC Connection between Applet and DBMS 2-Tier Structure

1. Install a JDBC proxy at the web server site (personal.cs.cityu). 2. An applet makes a JDBC connection to DBMS via the proxy, bcs applets can only connect to its home server. 3. The result type of a sql query is ResultSet (process them in the same way as discussed before).
Web server site applet
JDBC

(proxy): 4040

DBMS system

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An Example of 2 Tier Structure (Applet DBMS)

public class myapplet extends Applet implements Runnable {

private Vector queryResults; public synchronized void start() { if (worker == null) { message = "Connecting to database"; worker = new Thread(this); worker.start(); } } public void run() { String url = "jdbc:mysql: //personal.cs.cityu.edu.hk:4040/db_jdemo "; String query = "select COF_NAME, PRICE from COFFEES"; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Vector results = new Vector(); con= DriverManager. getConnection(url, "jdemo", "apple1");

stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query); while (rs.next()) {// process rs row by row String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float f = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); String text = s + " " + f; results.addElement(text); } stmt.close(); con.close(); setResults(results); repaint(); } catch(SQLException e) {;} }
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Disadvantages of the 2-Tier Structure

1. Fat clients (applets).

2. Little flexibility on the security control to the DBMS accesses.

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3-Tiers Structure

Web server site applet HTTP server

your CGI server

DBMS system

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Applet design in 3-tier (interact with CGI)

1. 2. make socket connection to HTTP server and start cgi-svr by POST method. receive String lines from cgi-svr, one for each row of data, and put them into a Vector. Vector results = new Vector(); while ((line = in.readLine())!=null) results.addElement(line); paint() extracts data rows from the vector by using an Enumerration object. Enumeration enum = queryResults.elements(); Web server site a) check if its the end of the object: HTTP enum.hasMoreElements(); applet server b) get the next element from the object: String text = (String) enum.nextElement(); for each line of data, break it into attributes CGI (separated by |) by using an StringTokenizer object. StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, "|"); server String cof_name = st.nextToken(); String cof_price = st.nextToken();
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3.

4.

Applet in 3-tier JDBC

public class myapplet extends Applet implements while (! in.readLine.equals("START_DATA")); Runnable { while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) Thread worker; Vector queryResults; if (line.length() > 0) public synchronized void start() { results.addElement(line); ......... worker.start(); in.close(); out.close(); } return(results); public void run() { } Vector results = CallCgiSvr(); public synchronized void paint(Graphics g) { if (results != null) setResults(results); g.drawString("Prices of coffee per pound: ", 5, 10); } int x = 5, y = 30; Vector CallCgiSvr() { Enumeration enum = queryResults.elements(); Vector results = new Vector(); while (enum.hasMoreElements()) { String sdata = "START_QUERY"; String text = (String)enum.nextElement(); s = new Socket(personal.cs.cityu.edu.hk",80); StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, "|"); in = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream()); String cof_name = st.nextToken(); out = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream()); String cof_price = st.nextToken(); out.println("POST /3tier/shellcgi.cgi HTTP/1.0\r"); g.drawString(cof_name, x, y); out.println("Content-type: plain/text\r"); g.drawString(cof_price, x+140, y); out.println("Content-length: "+ sdata.length()+ y = y + 15; } "\r\r"); } out.println(sdata+"\r");
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CGI Program in 3-Tier JDBC

1. cgi-svr acts as a gateway between applet and DBMS. No more need of a proxy at the web site. 2. cgi-svr gets requests from client via stdin, connects to DBMS by JDBC, executes queries and receives results: a) get query results of type ResultSet: ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery (query); b) analyze each row and make it a line. Attributes of a line are separated by |. String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float f = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); String text = s + "|" + f; HTTP applet c) append the lines into a StringBuffer. server StringBuffer results = new StringBuffer(); results.append (text + "\n"); d) convert StringBuffer to a single string and send it to applet via stdout. CGI String line = results.toString(); DBM server outs.println(line); // outs is the stdout stream

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CGI program in 3-Tier JDBC

class cgisvr { public static void main(String[] args) { String request, line; try { DataInputStream ins = new DataInputStream(System.in); PrintStream outs = new PrintStream(System.out); while ((request = ins.readLine()) != null) { if (request.equals("START_QUERY")) { line = ReqSql (); outs.println(START_DATA); // a start token outs.println(line); }} // send reply to applet outs.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error"+e);} }

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CGI program in 3-Tier JDBC (Cont.)

static String ReqSql() { String url = "jdbc:mysql: //jserv.cs.edu.hk:3306/db_jdemo "; String query = "select COF_NAME, PRICE from COFFEES"; StringBuffer results = new StringBuffer(); Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); con= DriverManager. getConnection(url, "jdemo", "apple1"); Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);

while (rs.next()) { String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float f = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); String text = s + "|" + f; results.append(text + "\n"); } stmt.close(); con.close(); return(results.toString());
}

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Shell Script starting the Java Program

#!/bin/sh
echo Content-type: text/plain Echo #the java command must use full path! /usr/local/jdk/bin/java cgisvr

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