ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION

WITH EMPHASIS ON THE VERTEBRATES

 jump beautiful

garden
teacher

perfect dolphin
anna sing

smelly sour

sleeping blink

Why Classify

What is classification? Why do we classify certain objects as tools, others as food, and so on?

 Classification is simply putting objects into groups. These groups can be any way that they are similar to each other. Classification the arrangement of objects, ideas, or information into groups makes things easy to find, identify, talk about, and study.

 Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Many scientists made their own way of classifying both plants and animals

Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)

Greek philosopher & biologist First to classify organisms based on their structural similarities Divided organisms into 2 groups: plants & animals Divided animals: w/ blood & bloodless Divided animals on how they move: walk, fly, swim

Carl Von Linne (1707 1778)

Father of Modern Taxonomy Swedish scientist Classified plants & animals accdg to similarities in form 2 Kingdoms: Plant & Animal Divided kingdoms into smaller groups: genera Divided genus into smaller groups: species Binomial Nomenclature: Genus species

KPC-OFGS!
Linnean System classified plants and animals on seven levels, using Latin and Greek words. K INGDOM

P C O F G S

HYLUM

LASS
RDER

AMILY
ENUS PECIES

KING PHILIP CCRIED, OH! FOR GOODNESS SAKE!

THE BROWN SQUIRREL Kingdom (Animalia, or animal) Phylum (Chordata/Vertebrata, or has a backbone) Class (Mammalia, or has a backbone and nurses its young) Order (Rodentia, or has a backbone, nurses its young, and has long, sharp front teeth)

THE BROWN SQUIRREL

Family (Scuridae, or has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, and has a bushy tail) Genus (Tamiasciurus, or has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and climbs trees) Species (hudsonicus, or has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and has brown fur on its back and white fur on its underparts)

THE LION
The lion belongs to the following groups: Kingdom Animalia (includes all animals) Phylum Chordata (includes all vertebrate animals, as well as some other more primitive ones) Class Mammalia (includes all mammals) Order Carnivora (includes carnivorous mammals, from bears to raccoons to harbor seals) Family Felidae (includes all cats) Genus Panthera (includes the great roaring cats: lions, tigers, jaguars, and leopards) Species leo (lions!)

 When you classify an animal you place it in the group to which it belongs. All animals are divided into groups. The major groups are fairly simple. Each group is then divided into smaller groups, and divided again, until you eventually place the animal in its exact position in the classification of the Animal Kingdom.

 Each subsequent level of classification eliminates animals that could be included in the previous level. For example, in mammals (the class Mammalia) which ones are eliminated by the description of rodents (the order Rodentia)? Name some.

 However, it is not necessary to go through the entire seven-level classification system to identify a plant or animal. Just two names the genus and species are sufficient already. Thus, the scientific name for the brown squirrel is Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. Because two names are used, the system is known as the binomial (two names) system of nomenclature (naming).

 I sit complicated? Yes, it is! For now, so for now, let us make things simpler we are going to study animals divided between with backbones and without bones.

What is an animal
Animals are living organisms this means that they breathe, eat, grow and reproduce. Plants are living organisms, too but the biggest difference is that most plants do not move, whereas most animals do. And the true difference? Plants produce their own food, whereas animals feed off other things.

Bones or no bones

Animal Kingdom
Vertebrata/Chordata Invertebrata (with backbone) (without backbone)

Porifer a

Echino dermat a

Cnidari a/coele nterata

Mollus ca

Inverte brata

Platyhe lminthe s

Arthrop oda Nemat oda

Annelid a

Invertebrata

Most animals are invertebrates. They do not have a bony skeleton inside their bodies. Some like insects, spiders and crabs have a hard outer shell (exoskeleton) which provides support and protection for the soft body inside.

Fish Amphibia

Vertebrata

Reptilia
Aves/Bird Mammalia

Vertebrata

All vertebrate animals possess an internal skeleton made of bones, and in particular they have a backbone or spine made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. Vertebrates make up less than 3% of the world's animals.

Ectothermal (cold blooded) Vertebrates

Endothermal (warm blooded)

ectothermic

The terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded refer to the ways animals maintain their internal body temperature.

ectothermic

Cold-blooded or ectothermic animals cannot regulate their body temperature directly; it is determined by the temperature of their surroundings.

endothermic

Warm-blooded or endothermic animals are able to regulate their own heat and can maintain a constant internal temperature.

fish

live in water breathe with gills have skin covered with scales have fins lay soft eggs are cold-blooded.

amphibia
the young live in water, adults live on land the young breathe with gills, adults breathe with lungs have moist, scale-less skin have 4 legs lay soft eggs are cold-blooded.

reptilia
mainly live on the land breathe with lungs have scaly skin have 4 limbs or no limbs (snakes) lay eggs with leathery shells

Bird
live on the land breathe with lungs have feathers covering their body have 2 legs and 2 wings most can fly lay eggs with hard shells are warm-blooded.

mammalia
mainly live on land breathe with lungs have fur or hair covering their body most have 4 legs, or 2 legs and 2 arms give birth to live young (monotremes are an exception) feed their young on milk produced by mammary glands are warm-blooded.

Placentals

3 MAMMAL GROUPS Monotrem es Marsupial s

maRSUPIALS
Marsupials are a group of mammals that survive mainly in Australia and South America. They give birth to live young at a very early stage of their development. For some months after birth the young animal continues to develop and grow in a special pouch on the mother where it can feed from her milk glands.

PLACENTALS
Placentals are the main group of mammals to which humans, cats, whales, bats and sheep belong. The young are born well developed, after receiving nutrition from the placenta in the mother's uterus. Following birth, the young are nourished by milk.

MONOTREMES
Monotremes are a very small group comprising 3 species of primitive egg-laying mammals found in Australia and New Guinea: the platypus and 2 species of echidna. Their young are fed on milk that exudes from the mother's milk glands.

Invertebrates (no bones)

We are only going to look at two groups of invertebrates. Spiders and insects. Many people thing that spiders are insects, but they are wrong. Insects have three main body parts and six legs. Spiders have two main body parts and eight legs.

references
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