LECTURE 1:

IT IN THE ORGANIZATION: Introduction to

IT in Business Organization
Professor Dr Nor Laila Md Noor

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lecture student will be able to:

1.

2.
3. 4.

Define information systems and information technology. Describe major technology trend. Describe the role of IT and IS in business. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of learning about IT in the digital economy

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT Data, Information and Knowledge

INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION IT Concepts and Components IT Infrastructure and Architecture Application Tradition of IT

Data is random collection until organized so that they have meaning & value to recipient. Information is raw data that (1) has been verified to be accurate and timely, (2) is specific and organized for a purpose, (3) is presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and which (4) leads to increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty. The value of information lies solely in its ability to affect a behavior, decision, or outcome. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged. Knowledge consists of data and/or information that have been organized and processed to covey understanding, experience, accumulated learning & expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity. Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

The relationship among data, information, & knowledge.

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge

IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture Application Tradition of IT

Management

Information Systems People Information Process Technology

Technology: the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants Tangible products physical artifacts: e.g., computer, software, aircraft, etc Intangibles products knowledge and process necessary to create and operates the tangible products, e.g., engineering knowhow and design, manufacturing expertise, technical skills Information Technology (IT): All forms of technology used to create, store, exchange and use information Information Systems (IS): Combination of technology (what), people (who) and process (how) that organization uses to produce and manage information

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge

IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture Application Tradition of IT

Physical embodiment of IT has three constituents

Processing: modifies digital information under the direction of the software Storage: conveys digital information from one time to another Communication: conveys digital information from one place to another Hardware Servers, PCs, Printers, Scanners

Consists of

purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, updating, replacing, training

Software - Access, Netscape, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, Operating Systems (Windows (NT, 9x), Linux, MacOS)

purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, upgrading, solving configuration problems, training

Networks - Cables, PC Network Cards, Hubs, Routers, Ports, Network OS

purchasing, hardware, software, setup, maintenance, troubleshooting design, programming, maintaining (changing, updating), admittance, troubleshooting, conversion, training
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

Databases - Access DB, Oracle DB

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge

IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture Application Tradition of IT

Web Applications - static pages, forms, links, interactive (Sabio), e-journals

hardware, software, networks, databases design, programming, maintaining, updating, permissions, troubleshooting, training backups, firewalls, encryption, authentication and validation, locking devices

Security networks, OS, software, hardware

User Support - help desk, telephone support, user training, automated help, troubleshooting, tech. availability Management equipment, software and people, planning, research and development

vendor relationship, scheduling, technology refresh, personnel, communication with rest of Library, University and IT community, budgeting, marketing, tech. staff training

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture

Application Tradition of IT

IT Infrastructure

Refers to everything that supports the flow and processing of information in an organization including hardware, software, data and network components Basically is the physical hardware used to interconnect computers and users.

Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also the routers, aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that control transmission paths. Infrastructure also includes the software used to send, receive, and manage the signals that are transmitted. In some usages, infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware and software and not to computers and other devices that are interconnected.

However to some information technology users, infrastructure is viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing of information.
Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture

Application Tradition of IT

The IT Architecture is a blueprint that is developed, implemented, maintained and used to explain and guide how an organizations IT and information management work together to efficiently accomplish the mission of the organization

IT Architecture addresses the following views:

Business activities and processes Data sets and information flows Applications and software Technology
The business activities (work) performed including business performance measure Data sets and information flows needed to perform the activities The application and software needed to capture and manipulate the information sets The technology (computer, network, communications) needed to run the Nor Laila Md Noor (2012) applications

When doing the IT Architecture needs to focus on

CONCEPTS OF IT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Data, Information and Knowledge IT Concepts and Components IT Infrastructure and Architecture

Application Tradition of IT

Technology
Processing Algorithmic Document Database Storage Communication

Time

Publication

Collaboration

Socio-technical

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Basic Component of IS
Schematic View of IS IS in Organizational Process IS Value

The basic components of information systems.

10 Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Basic Component of IS IS in Organizational Process IS Value

INFORMATION SYSTEMS Schematic View of IS

A Schematic View of an Information System

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY TREND IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Basic Component of IS Schematic View of IS

IS in Organizational Process
IS Value

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Co-Evolution of Key IT Components

IT Trending Model Computing Vs. Connectivity Era

TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Co-Evolution of Key IT Components

TECHNOLOGY TREND
IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

IT Trending Model
Computing Vs. Connectivity Era

Learning Relationship Access to Information

People Era: RELATIONSHIPS

Productivity Efficiency

Information Era: DATA

Peoplecentric Model

Industrial Era: GOODS

Information Model

Agricultural Era: FOOD

1880

Industrial Model

1900

1920

194 0

196 0

198 0

200 0

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Co-Evolution of Key IT Components IT Trending Model

TECHNOLOGY TREND Computing Vs. Connectivity Era

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business

How IS Support Organization Value of IS Value of IT

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

No longer just serves a business Integral in business strategy Impacts every area of business Complexity increases How does IT function vs. the entire organization Responsible for the integration of information

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business

How IS Support Organization Value of IS Value of IT

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business

How IS Support Organization

Value of IS Value of IT

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business How IS Support Organization

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Value of IS
Value of IT

IS value is determined by the relationships among ISs, people, & business processesall of which are influenced by organizational culture

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Information Systems Function Within a Culture Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business How IS Support Organization Value of IS

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION Value of IT

The IT Value Continuum

Market Expansion Advantage Creation

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Realizing the Value of IT

Innovative activities

Foundational activities

Reduce operating cost 20

Increase organizational effectiveness

Expand existing markets

Create new Change industry markets structure

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)

CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY TREND

Role of IT/IS in Business How IS Support Organization Value of IS

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION Value of IT

Value of Information Technology

Technology literacy:
fundamentals trends emerging future

Point Solutions

Business Models

Organizational Architectures

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Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)