SESSION 3

RESEARCH PROPOSAL & TYPE OF THE RESEARCH

Friday, 10th September 2004

6/13/2013

mhs

SESSION 3
Learning Objectives
At the end of todays session, the student should be able to :

Explain the components of the research proposal 2. Describe the type of research 3. Discuss the differences between quantitative and qualitative research 4. Characterize basic qualitative methods
1.
6/13/2013 mhs 2

Research Proposal
2. Introduction
2.4 Statement of the Purpose of the Study
the single statement that identifies the focus of the research what the researcher intends to do to answer the research question
6/13/2013 mhs 3

2. Introduction
2.4 Statement of the Purpose of the Study
3 ways : (1) as a declarative statement (2) as a question (3) as a hypothesis
6/13/2013 mhs 4

2.4 Statement of the Purpose of the Study

(1) as a declarative statement The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of structured individualized versus structured group instruction on successful breast feeding by primiparas in their home setting

6/13/2013

mhs

2.4 Statement of the Purpose of the Study

(2) as a question The purpose of this study is to answer the question : Is there a significant relationship between a method of teaching about breast feeding and successful breast feeding by primiparas in their home setting ?
6/13/2013 mhs 6

2.4 Statement of the Purpose of the Study

(3) as a hypothesis
The purpose of this study is to test the following hypothesis:
Primiparas who receive individualized instruction in breast feeding will have a significantly more successful breast-feeding experience in their home setting than primiparas who receive structured group instruction in breast feeding
6/13/2013 mhs 7

2. Introduction
2.4 Objective
General Objective

Specific Objective

6/13/2013

mhs

2.4 Objective

General Objective From this study those factors which are responsible for stopping breast-feeding in urban communities can be identified and this will be useful for giving feedback for promoting the breast-feeding program.

6/13/2013

mhs

2.4 Objective

Specific Objective

6/13/2013

mhs

10

Research Proposal
2. Introduction
2.5 Significance of the Study
Science Health Service / Health Policy Research

6/13/2013

mhs

11

Research Proposal
3. Review of Related Literature
Reasons to Review the Literature To determine what has already been done Provides ideas about the kinds of studies that need to be done

To point out research strategies

To help the researcher to interpret the results of the study
6/13/2013 mhs 12

3. Review of Related Literature

Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework

6/13/2013

mhs

13

 Theoretical Framework

The use of one theory or interrelated theories to support the rationale (reason) for conducting the study and provide a guide to analyzing the results

6/13/2013

mhs

14

 Conceptual Framework
The use of one or more related concepts that underlie the study problem and support the rationale (reason) for conducting the study The concepts should also be discussed in relationship to the variables being investigated (Use diagram)

6/13/2013

mhs

15

3. Review of Related Literature

Recent publications ( the last 5-7 years )

6/13/2013

mhs

16

Research Proposal
4. Methodology
1. Study Design 2. Location and Time 3. Study Population 4. Sampling

5. Sample size
6. Inclusion and exclusion criteria
6/13/2013 mhs 17

4. Methodology
7. Informed consent 8. Procedures

9. Identifying Variables
10. Operational definition

11. Plan of data analysis and data interpretation

6/13/2013

mhs

18

Research Proposal
5. Bibliography

6/13/2013

mhs

19

Research Proposal
APPENDIXES

6/13/2013

Curriculum vitae of researchers Budget Time schedule of the study Informed consent (Form) Statistical formulas Instruments of the study (e.g. Questionnaire) Dummy Table Others
mhs 20

6/13/2013

mhs

21

Quantitative and Qualitative Research

1. Introduction to Quantitative and Qualitative Research
2. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
3. Types of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

6/13/2013

mhs

22

Quantitative and Qualitative Research

1. Introduction
Many researchers have narrowly defined scientific research method to include only quantitative research. This research method is based on the philosophy of logical empiricism

6/13/2013

mhs

23

Quantitative research ?

Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which

numerical data are utilized to obtain information

about the world

6/13/2013

mhs

24

Quantitative research
Is used to
- describe variables - examine relationships among variables - determine cause- and-effect interactions between variables the predominantly used method of scientific investigation

6/13/2013

mhs

25

Qualitative research ?
Qualitative research is
a systematic, subjective approach used to

describe life experiences and give them

meaning not a new idea in social and behavioral sciences
6/13/2013 mhs 26

2. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research
Hard science

Qualitative
Research
Soft science Focus : complex and broad

Focus : concise and

narrow Reductionistic Objective
6/13/2013 mhs

Holistic
Subjective
27

2. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research Reasoning : logistic and deductive Basis of knowing : cause-and-effect relations. Tests theory
6/13/2013 mhs

Qualitative Research Reasoning : dialectic, inductive Basis of knowing : meaning, discovery Develops theory
28

Quantitative Research
Control Instruments Basic elements of analysis

Qualitative Research
Shared interpretation

Communication and observation

numbers

Basic elements of analysis : words

mhs 29

6/13/2013

Quantitative Research Statistical analysis Generalization

Qualitative Research Individual interpretation Uniqueness

6/13/2013

mhs

30

3. Types of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Types of Quantitative Research

1. Descriptive 2. Correlational 1. Non-intervention (Observational) 2. Intervention
mhs 31

3. Quasi-Experiment
4. Experiment
6/13/2013

Types of Qualitative Research

1. Phenomenology 2. Grounded Theory 3. Ethnography

6/13/2013

mhs

32

1. Phenomenological Research
Phenomenological research is an inductive, descriptive approach developed from phenomenological philosophy The focus of phenomenological philosophy is understanding the response of whole human being, not just specific parts of behaviors

6/13/2013

mhs

33

The aim of phenomenological research is to describe an experience as it is lived by the person, such as describing a persons experience of pain as it is lived by that person

6/13/2013

mhs

34

2. Grounded Theory Research

GTR is an inductive research technique. This research approach is useful in discovering what problems exist in a social scene and the process persons use to handle them GTR emphasizes observation and the development of practice-based intuitive relationships between variables

6/13/2013

mhs

35

The research process involves formulation, testing, and redevelopment of propositions until a theory evolves.

The theory developed is grounded or has its roots in the data from which it was derived

6/13/2013

mhs

36

3. Ethnographic Research
ER for investigating cultures through an in-depth study of the members of the culture.
ER attempts to tell the story of peoples daily lives while describing the culture they are a part of ER process is the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data to develop a theory of cultural behavior
6/13/2013 mhs 37

Using ER different cultures are described, compared and contrasted to add to the understanding of the impact of culture on human behavior and health

6/13/2013

mhs

38

Lets have a break !!

Learn what youve got

6/13/2013

mhs

39