PIPELINE SYSTEM DESIGN

(BASIC ENGINEERING)

Nandhu Chandran PGET, HCP

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INDEX

STATION DISCHARGE HEAD MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OPERATING PRESSURE

NUMBER OF PUMP STATION

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL SIZES LINE SIZE OPTIMIZATION & SELECTION AUGMENTATION

STATION DISCHARGE HEAD/TOTAL PRESSURE REQUIRED

Total discharge head required at beginning of a pipeline depends on Flow rate Liquid specific gravity and viscosity Pipe diameter, wall thickness and roughness Pipe length Pipe elevation changes Higher flowrate = higher pressure drop = increased discharge pressure Higher viscosity & Spec. gravity = higher pressure drop = increased discharge pressure Increased pipe length = increased discharge pressure Total discharge pressure required is composed of 3 main parts 1. Frictional head 2. Elevation head 3. Delivery pressure at terminus
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elevation

chainage

STATION DISCHARGE HEAD

Where, F = friction loss per length L = total length of pipeline h = residual head( pressure required at terminal point) H-H = elevation difference between highest point and lowest point

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OPERATING PRESSURE(MAOP)

MAOP = Where, S = SMYS t = wall thickness Sf = safety factor D = Outer diameter of pipeline 2.S.t.S

NUMBER OF PUMP STATION

Case 1: If SDH MAOP, no of pump station = 1 Case 2: If SDH> MAOP & <2 MAOP, no of pumping station = 2

Case 3: If SDH> 2MAOP & <3 MAOP, no of pumping station = 3

In general we can say that Number of pumping station =

Case 1

SDH

Case 3

Case 2

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL SIZES(diameter) FOR VARIOUS CAPACITIES

Based on projected throughput, various line sizes are selected for detailed analysis

Diameter
Wall thickness Grade

(3 diameter) X (2 to 3 wall thickness) X (2 to 3 grades)

There will be 12 to 27 options

Courtesy: Engineers India Ltd

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LINE SIZE OPTIMISATION

For each line size, following are worked out

Hydraulics and system configuration

Capital cost
Operating cost Present value of next 35 years Other costs

Iterations are done for minimum 3 pipe sizes and grades, and thus line size having least present value is selected.

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TYPICAL ITERATION DONE FOR 3 LINE SIZES

12 Size line pipe is selected since it is having least NPV.

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AUGMENTATION OF PIPELINE
Can be done by

Parallel Loop lines

Intermediate pump station

Combination

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LOOP LINE

V(velocity) = Q/A, Velocity(V) is proportional to Q( flowrate)

F = f.L.V2/(2.g.D), where F = frictional loss Frictional loss F is proportional to square of velocity V

In loop lines, velocity is reduced to half(V/2), so overall friction loss reduces proportionally as mentioned above relation. This enables enhanced flowrate at same station discharge pressure provided by pump.

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Thank you

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