DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDAS PROTECTED AREAS

PRESENTATION BY LILLIAN NSUBUGA, UGANDA WILDLIFE AUTHORITTY AT THE ACME TRAINING, 8TH

Presentation outline
Introduction About the Albertine Rift Oil activities Issues Striking a balance Way forward Conclusion

Introduction
Uganda Wildlife Authority is mandated by law to manage all the wildlife in Uganda both within and outside PAs This year it makes 15 years old having been established in 1996 Uganda has 10 national parks and 12 wildlife reserves

About the Albertine Rift

Five of Ugandas 10 national parks and 8 of the 12 wildlife reserves lie in the Albertine Rift. These include MFNP, QENP, KNP, SNP, RMNP, while BINP lies on the periphery (WHSs, MABs, Ramsar Sites)
The Albertine Rift has the highest biodiversity concentration in the country This is also where the oil deposits lie in very large quantities

MKS

OFS LCHA

KVNP

WMCHA NKCHA EMCHA

AWR

MWR

BKWR

MFNP KFCHA BUWR KWR ETCHA PUWR KTCHA

L. Albert

NTCHA

NCHA

SKCHA

L. Kyoga

SECHA

BUCHA SCHA TSWR SNP

MENP

KINP RNP KACHA EAS JAS

Key National Park Wildlife Reserve

KAWR
KZWS

KYWR QENP

Wildlife Sanctuary Controlled Hunting Area

LMNP

L. Edward

Forest Reserve

KIWR

L. Victoria

Wetland/Riverine Vegetation Water

BINP

0
MGNP

50 100 Scale in Kilometers Parallel True to Scale: 1

150

NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE RESERVES IN THE ALBERTINE GRABEN

60000 110000 160000 210000 260000 310000 360000 410000 SUDAN 460000 510000
[

:
Legend
Wells
[

400000

400000

MOYOMetu
[

[ [

[ [ Aringa [

Laropi

Nimule

Lokung

[ [

Yumbe
[

Nyeu
[ [

Koboko Ladonga
[

Lomunga

Palabek
[

Adjumani Pakelle [
[

Paludar

350000

'

Oil Well Gas Well Oil and Gas Well

[

Owafa

300000

Gas Shows Oil Shows Dry Well

p[
Nwoya

Kilak

300000

* 1 0 +

[ ITI-1 [

Palaro

p [

ARUA

Rigbo
[

Patiko
[

350000

HydroCarbons

Omugo

Aliba [ Obongi

Atiak

KITGUM Matidi
[ [

Rhinocamp

Vurra

Cwero

Pajule

Oil and Gas Shows

Ullepi

Awer GULU
[ [

Offaka
[

Wianaka

Bobi Minakulu
[ [

Towns
STATUS
[

Paidha

NEBBI Agwak
[

p [ Pakwach
Panyigoro [ Pakuba Panyimur[ JOBI-1 [ p RII-1 Paraa Lodge

[
Ogur
[

250000

! [ [
[

City Major Town Small Town Major Road Exploration Area Boundary

1 1

Kamudini

LIRA p

[ NGIRI-1 KIGOGOLE-3 NSOGA-1 [ WAIRINDI-1 NGEGE-1 KASAMENE-1 AWAKA-1 [ BuganaNGARA-1

Wanseko

'11 '1 1 '

3
[
APAC Kiryandongo

Aduku
[

UGANDA
200000

250000

Aboke

200000

Airstrips
Status
q

D.R. CONGO

0 Butiaba Bukumi
[

KARUKA-1 KARUKA 2

4
[

Kibanda
[

Kigumba

[ WAKI B-1 [1 TAITAI

Airport
[

Kigorobya
[ [

p MASINDI [ Ihungu [ Bikonzi

[

Airstrip International Boundary

NGASSA 1

150000

Gameparks and Wildlife Reserves

TYPE
NATIONAL PARK WILDLIFE RESERVE
KINGFISHER-1

150000

MPUTA-2 MPUTA-3 MPUTA-4 MPUTA-1 MPUTA-5 NZIZI-1 NZIZI-2 [ KINGFISHER-2 KINGFISHER-1BKINGFISHER-3

1 + 1 1 *1

NGASSA-2

[ WARAGA-1

Biseruka HOIMA

Bwijanga

Nakitoma L.Kyoga

[ [

[
Kikube

' 1 0 1

Nakasongola

[ [

Kyankwanzi
[

Baale LISBukwiri T OF GAMEPARKS AND GAME RESERVES

[

Ngoma

100000

100000

0
Kilometers 80
6
BUNDIBUGYO
[ [ Itojo

TURACO- 1, 2 & 3

Ntoroko Kagadi

5
[

Kijura

[
Kichwamba FORT PORTAL

KIBAALE
[

Kakumiro

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
[

Namasagali

[
[ [ [

AJAI KIBOGA WILDLIFE RESERVE

[

[
LUWEERO
[

Lwamata

[
[

MURCHISION F ALLS NATIONAL PARK

[

Katikamu Nakaseke

0 10 20
50000

40

60

Bukuya

Ntenjeru

p [
[

[
[

MUBENDE

Kasanda KARUMA WILDLIF E RESERVE

[

Nakifuma

[
[

Kibito

Kyegegwa

7
[

8
Kilembe
[

Mpara
[

Nakawala
[

Hima Mubuku
[

Nakaseta

BUGUNGU WILDLIFE RESERVE KAMPALA

L.Wamala

MITYANA

Kasangati
[

p [
MUKONO
[

50000

Buikwe

! [

[
Bwera Mpondwe [
[ [

KASESE

Kanoni TOORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE

[

MPIGI

Nyabirongo
[

Ntusi

[
q

ENTEBBE

Kazo
[

Sembabule

SEMLIKI NATIONAL PARK

Butenga [

Katunguru Katwe [ [ Mweya Lodge

[

10

Ibanda
[

9
[

Kiruhura

RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK

[

Kisenyi

Rubirizi Nsika
[

Bukakata

-50000

Rwenshama

Lwengo

11
[

Mitoma

Ishaka [ BUSHENYI

Kibingo

p MBARARA [
Kabingo L. Nakivali

Lwamagwa
[

Kalisizo

18
[

L.Kachira

QUEEN ELIZ ABETH NATIONAL PARK KYAMBURA WILDLIF E RESERVE

L.Victoria

Ishasha [ Rwanga
[

-100000

Kanungu Nyarushanje

[
[

NTUNGAMO Ruhama Murema

[

Kakuuto

12
[

Mutukula

11 12

KIGEZI WILDLIF E RESERVE BWINDI IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL PARK

Rubanda
[

Mpalo

TANZANIA
210000 260000 310000

KABALE

60000

110000

160000

360000

410000

460000

510000

RWANDA

Arc_1960_UTM_zone_36N False_Easting: 500000.000000 Central_Meridian: 33.000000 Latitude_Of_Origin: 0.000000 GCS_Arc_1960

Projection: Transverse_Mercator False_Northing: 0.000000 Scale_Factor: 0.999600 Linear Unit: Meter Datum: D_Arc_1960

Copyright: Petroleum Exploration and Production Department

-100000

RUKUNGIRI

L.Kinjanebalola

RAKAI

10

-50000

Lyantonde

MASAKA

KIBAALE FOREST NATIONAL PARK

KALANGALA

Conservation significance of AR
The Albertine Rift is home to some very sensitive ecosystems which have highly endangered plant and animal species In terms of species diversity, over 50% of birds, 39% of mammals, 19% of amphibians and 14% of reptiles and plants of mainland Africa occur in this region It is the number one destination for European migratory bird species

Large mammal biomass

Nearly 200 Important Bird Areas in and bordering the Rift are listed for their resident bird species

Globally Threatened Birds (c. 80 species) Restricted-range birds Biome-restricted congregations

Oil Activities in the Albertine Rift

Nearly the whole Albertine Rift on the Uganda side is currently having oil activities Out of the 44 oil wells so far drilled 31 are located within wildlife protected areas. Blocks 2, 3a, 3b, 4 and part of 5 lie within or near the protected areas

Activities involved in oil development

Setting up oil pads Construction of roads to the oil wells Establishment of accommodation camps Transportation of materials Setting up rigs Actual drilling which generates waste Restoration of sites after drilling Oil production and transportation

Impacts of oil activities

Destruction of habitats as a result of land take and infrastructure development e.g. the setting up of rigs, accommodation camps, jetties and access roads Generation of sewage, waste water, hazardous material and garbage and their associated pressures on the environment Impact on air quality- due to vehicles, dust, and other emissions Some animals are very sensitive to earth vibrations and noise which could affect their breeding patterns

Excess land take during road construction

Bear area in the wild

Seismic surveys laying of Geo-phones along cut lines in MFNP

Increased human traffic in the park

Waste in Kabwoya WR
Unlined waste pit Mud cuttings at Ngassa 1

Lined waste pit

Flaring
Flaring in the Waraga well

Impacts of oil activities on tourism

Visual intrusion and negative impact of infrastructure on tourism
Oil drilling sites are areas of intensive human presence (bee-hive like) with up to 100 people during operations

The billion dollar question

Oil or Conservation/Tourism? Or BOTH???

Is it possible to have both?

Before answering the question, what are the issues?

Issues
Oil discovery could be the best thing that has happened to Uganda in a very long time Kenya is blue with envy All of a sudden internationally Uganda is being noticed The amounts of oil are staggering

Issues

UNFORTUNATELY:

Most if not all the oil is within our precious protected areas What should be done?

Issues

Either of two things:-

Say NO to oil
OR Manage the situation the best way we can Taking into account that:

Issues
Ugandas major tourism activities are naturebased Tourism ranks up there among the high forex earning sectors in Uganda The number of local and foreign tourists visiting the national parks has steadily increased over the years especially after Kony was removed

Issues
MOREOVER: Conservation lasts forever while oil gets finished Can we strike a balance?

Strive for co-existence? Is it possible?

Way forward
YES IT IS POSSIBLE.
But only if the following happens: Putting in place measures to ensure that oil activities leave minimal impacts on conservation Each one effectively playing their role government, civil society, media, investors, the public Demonstrating that conservation matters by taking tours to the national parks

Blame from all sides

Uganda Wildlife Authority is caught up in the middle of the oil-conservation debate. We have been accused of:-

Frustrating oil exploration and production activities Betraying conservation goals and standards

What UWA has done

Working with other government agencies NEMA, Water, NFA, PEPD, Fisheries and Wetlands Department to ensure compliance to the EIA recommendations by the investors Have designated staff to monitor the oil activities Building staff capacity to handle oil issues through training and study visits

What UWA has done

Developed parameters for research and monitoring of impacts of oil activities on wildlife and tourism Engaged stakeholders on discussion of application of biodiversity offsets Reviewed the General Management Plans of some PAs to take into account oil impacts Developed operational guidelines for oil companies operating in PAs

Role of the media

-Be proactive in reporting about oil and wildlife issues - Seek information as much as possible

- Be objective
- Ask questions, Ask Questions, Ask Questions

Conclusion
Proper exploitation and utilization of the petroleum resource could boost Ugandas economy in a short time. Tourism is lucrative industry in terms of foreign exchange earnings and employment creation. Uganda can benefit from both oil and tourism by ensuring that they sustainably coexist. The success so far recorded in the Albertine Graben, indicates that it could be a world class petroleum province. It is therefore our role as Ugandans to ensure that the two co-exist.

Thank you for listening!!