History

Treaty of Rome (1957)

Signed by the Member states ( Called as
Founder Members
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands
Achieve a Single European Market
For Four Freedoms of the following:
People ---Finance---Services----Goods..
6
FEW MEMBER JOINED THE UNION,

Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland in 1973

&

Greece in 1981

10
The New Approach (1985)
Resolution passed by the Member states
General requirement to be achieved
Directive to address Essential requirements
The manufacturer decides the method:

based on the directive
conformity assessment module
FEW MEMBER JOINED THE UNION,

Portugal & Spain in 1986

&

Austria, Finland & Sweden in 1995

15
Pressure Equipment
Directive
Published in the Official Journal of the
European Communities
No. L 181 dated 9 July 1997
Available from The Stationary Office
Remove technical barriers to trade within
the EEA related to pressure equipment by
the harmonisation of the laws of Member
States
New construction, 1st time putting into
service /market requirements..
KEY DATES
Adoption - 29 May 1997
Transposition - 29 May 1999
Entry into force - 29 Nov 1999
Mandatory - 29 May 2002..
BIGGEST EVER BUNCH JOINED THE UNION,

in May 2004

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus

25
European Free Trade Association

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland

25 + 3
European Economic Area
= European Union +
European Free Trade area

Candidate States

Rumania - Applied in 1997
Bulgaria - Applied in 1995
Turkey - Applied in 1987

25+3+3
CE MARKING IS MUST FOR FOLLWING 22
GROUPS OF PRODUCTS
Appliances burning gaseous
fuels
Cableway installations to
carry Persons
Low voltage electrical
equipment
Construction products
Equipments & protective
Systems used in potentially
explosive atmospheres
Explosives for Civil uses
Hot Water boilers
Household refrigerators &
freezers
Lift
Machinery
Marine Equipment
Medical Devices
Active Inplantable Medical
Devices
In vitro DiagnosticMedical
Devices
Non-automatic weighing devices
Radio & telecommunications
terminal equipment
Personal protective equipments
Simple pressure vessels
Pressure equipment
Recreational craft
Toys
Trans European conventional rail
system
THE PRESSURE
EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE..
97/23/EC

Scope
The Directive (No. 97/23/EC) aimed at
harmonising regulations across Europe for
the design, manufacture and conformity
assessment of pressure equipment and
assemblies with a maximum allowable
pressure (PS) greater than 0.5 barg (= 7.25
psig)..
Definitions
Vessels
Piping
Safety Accessories
Pressure accessories
Assemblies..
Vessels
A housing designed and built to contain
fluids under pressure including its direct
attachments up to the coupling point
connecting it to other equipment. A vessel
may be composed of more than one
chamber..
Piping
Piping components intended for the
transport of fluids when connected
together for integration into a pressure
system..
Safety Accessories

Devices designed to protect pressure
equipment against the allowable limits
being exceeded.
safety valves, bursting discs, etc...
pressure and temperature switches, level
switches that operate a shutdown or
correction system..

Pressure Accessories
Devices with an operational function and
having pressure bearing housings.
valves
expansion bellows
pipework fittings/flanges..
Assemblies
Several pieces of pressure equipment
assembled by a manufacturer to constitute
an integrated and functional whole.
Does not apply to equipment assembled
on site by, and under the responsibility of,
the user..
Exclusions from the Directive

Pipelines outside premises or installations
Pressure tunnels for hydroelectric installations
Simple Pressure Vessels
Aerosols
Equipment for vehicles covered by EC Directives
Weapon systems and firearms
Items designed for use in the nuclear industry..
Exclusions from the Directive
Oil/gas drilling equipment upstream of the
Christmas Tree
Casings or machinery where the main design
considerations are strength, rigidity and stability
Equipment for the production and casting of steel
and non-ferrous metals
Enclosures for high-voltage electrical equipment
Pressurised pipes for the containment of
transmission systems..
Exclusions from the Directive
Pressure equipment consisting of a flexible casing
Exhaust and inlet silencers
Bottles and cans for carbonated drinks for final
consumption
Vessels designed for the transport and
distribution of drinks
Equipment for the transport of dangerous goods
in accordance with the ADR, RID, IMDG & ICAO
conventions
Radiators and pipes in warm water heating
systems
Ships, rockets, aircraft & mobile off-shore units..
Exclusions: contd...
Equipment which is classified no higher
than Category I also covered by the
following Directives:
Machinery 89/392/EEC
Low Voltage 73/23/EEC
Lifts 95/16/EC
Medical Devices 93/42/EEC
Gas Appliances 90/396/EEC
Explosive Atmospheres 94/9/EC..
Classification
Four categories & sound engineering practice
(SEP) dependant on the level of risk.
Category IV being the highest, SEP lowest.
Classified in nine tables in Annex II by:
type of pressure equipment
pressure, volume or nominal diameter
fluid Gas/ liquid (Group I & 2)..
Classification - class of
fluid (67/548/EEC)
Group 1
explosive
extremely flammable
highly flammable
flammable
very toxic
toxic
oxidising
Group 2
others






PRODUCT CATEGORY
Based on
Volume
(liter)
Steam
Generator
nominal
diameter
(DN)
State of
contents
Gas Liquid Gas Liquid
Fluid
group
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
VESSEL TABLES
C Vessel for Group 1 gases
C Vessel for Group 2 gases
C Vessel for Group 1 liquids
C Vessel for Group 2 liquids..

Table 1 - Vessels for Group 1 Gases
0.5
200
1000
SEP
I II
III
IV
PS=1000
PS=200
1 100 1000
1000 V(l)
10
100
PS=0.5
V
=
1

bar

Table 2 - Vessels for Group 2 Gases

0.5
1000
3000
SEP
I II III
IV
PS=3000
PS=1000
1 100 1000 10000 V(l)
10
100
PS=4
PS=0.5
bar


Table 4 - Vessels for Group 2 Liquids

PS

0.5
1000
SEP
I
II
PS=500
1 100 1000 V(l)
10
100
PS=10
PS=0.5
I
STEAM TABLE
C Steam Generators..
PIPING TABLES
Piping for Group 1 gases
C Piping for Group 2 gases
Piping for Group 1 liquids
Piping for Group 2 liquids..
Table 9 -Group 2 Liquids (diameter)
1 10 100 1000
0.5
1
10
100
500
1000
DN
PS = 0.5
PS = 10
PS = 500
D
N

=

2
0
0

PS
(bar)
I
II
SEP
10000
Classification
Multi chambered vessels are classified
according to the highest chamber category.
Equipment that can contain several fluids
is classified according to the fluid that
requires the higher category.
Safety accessories are classified as category
IV, unless specific to an item of pressure
equipment of a lower category..
Manufacturer chooses one conformity
Assessment module based on category
Category Module
I A
II A1 D1 E1
III B1+D B1+F B+E B+C1 H
IV B+D B+F G H1
Directive Requirements
Satisfy Essential Safety Requirements
Compile a Technical File
Follow appropriate conformity assessment
route
Place CE marking on equipment
Issue Declaration of Conformity..
Essential Safety
Requirements
Detailed in Annex 1 of the Directive
Mandatory
Must be addressed where a hazard exists
under operational or reasonably
foreseeable conditions
Requires some form of Risk Assessment to
establish relevant hazards..
Essential Safety
Requirements
Design
Manufacture
Materials
Testing
Marking and Labeling
Instructions..
Standards
No requirement to use any particular
standard - only to comply with the
Essential Safety Requirements.
CEN have been given a mandate by the
Commission to prepare standards that
address the Directives requirements.
These Harmonised Standards may not be
available until about the time the Directive
becomes mandatory..
Design
Design for adequate strength based on
appropriate loading
Design must incorporate appropriate
safety factors
Design must be based on either:
calculation method
experimental method..
Design
Safe handling and operation
Means of examination
Means of draining, venting, filling and
discharge
Corrosion, wear and chemical attack
Protection against exceeding allowable
limits..
Design
Safety Accessories must be:
Reliable and suitable for intended duty
Independent of other functions
Pressure limiting devices must prevent the
max. allowable pressure being
permanently exceeded
Temperature monitoring devices must
have adequate response time..
Design
Additional requirements also apply to:
Fired or otherwise heated equipment
Piping..
Example - Factor of Safety
97/23/EC: 2.4
ASME IV: 5
ASME I/ VIII Div. 1: 4, 3.5
ASME VIII Div. 2: 3

Above values are generally considering
UTS, where yield strength governs it may
be different..
Manufacturing
Manufacture must be by appropriate
techniques and procedures
Joining (welding):
Must be of equivalent strength as parent
material
By qualified personnel
Qualified procedures
Approval of procedure & personnel to be
carried out by Notified Body or recognised
third party for cat II, III and IV equipment..
Manufacturing
Non-destructive examinations must be
carried out by qualified personnel,
approval for category III & IV to be carried
out by Recognised third party.
Heat treatment, if required, must be
applied at the appropriate stage in the
manufacturing process..
Manufacturing
Final Assessment:
Visual inspection of equipment
Document review
Proof pressure test
Inspection of safety devices..
Manufacturing
Operating instructions must include
relevant safety information on:
Installation
Putting into service
Use
Maintenance..
Materials
Suitable for intended use and lifetime
Certified and traceable
Must either:
comply with a harmonised standard
be subject to a European Approval for
Materials by a Notified Body
be subject to a Particular Materials Appraisal
( for Cate. III & IV this to be carried out by
the same Notified Body involved in
conformity assessment)..
Materials for construction

Harmonised
No
Particular appraisal
European approval
Yes, use straight way,
None available now
For category I , by the
manufacturer For category II,
III, IV by the Notified Body
Yes, use straight way
very few material
available
No

Material
Materials
Main pressure-bearing parts of equipment
in category II, III & IV must have either

Certificate of specific product control
where the material manufacturer has an
appropriate quality-assurance system,
certified by a competent body..
Materials for construction

Must have
certification

where the material manufacturer has an appropriate quality-
assurance system, certified by a competent body
e.g., ISO 9000 certification.
Certificate of specific
product control
e.g., EN 10204 3.1 C

Material for category II, III &
IV
or
either
ASME Materials

Harmonised
No
Particular appraisal
European approval
Yes, use straight way
(None yet)
For category I , by the
manufacturer For category II,
III, IV by the Notified Body
Yes, use straight way
(Some material)
No

Material
European Approval for
Materials
Issued at the request of a manufacture(s)
of material or equipment by a Notified
Body.
NB reviews documentation defining the
characteristics of materials which are not
covered by any harmonised standard.
NB advises Member State, the Notified
Bodies and the Commission - published in
Official Journal..
Specific Quantitative
Requirements
For equipment with risk of overheating
and piping
Safety factors to be applied for:
Allowable stresses
Weld joint factors
Pressure surge
Hydrostatic test pressure..
Allowable stresses
Ferritic steel the lower of:
2/3 R
et
or 5/12 R
m

Austenitic steel:
if elongation > 30%: 2/3 R
et
if elongation > 35%: 5/6 R
et
or 1/3 R
mt..
Joint coefficients
100% NDE : 1.0
Random NDE : 0.85
No NDE (visual only) : 0.7..
Hydrostatic Pressure Test
The test pressure must be the greater of:

P = 1.25 x (fa/ft) x PS
or
P = 1.43 x PS..
Technical Documentation
Volume in Litre 1 US gallon = 3.785 l

Temp in deg. C C = (F-32)/ 1.8

Nominal size (mm) for piping in DN

Pressure in bar ( 1 bar = 14.5 psi)

Mass in kg ( 1 lb = 0.4536 kg)

Power in kW, Energy in J (1 ft.lbf = 1.356 J)
Technical Documentation
The technical documentation must:
Demonstrate the conformity of the
pressure equipment with the Essential
Safety Requirements of the Directive.
Address the design, manufacture and
operation of the pressure equipment.
Be retained for ten years after the last date
of manufacture..
Technical Documentation Contents
A general description of the equipment
Conceptual design and manufacturing
drawings
Details of any standards applied
Results of calculations etc.
Test reports..
Technical Documentation Contents
Details of tests and inspections during
manufacture
Joining and NDE qualifications and
approvals
Details of the Quality Management
System..
DESIGN DATA FROM
VENDOR
DEPOSITORY
CERTIFICATE FROM
CUSTOMER
DRAWINGS
DESIGN APPRAISAL FROM NOTIFIED BODY
DESIGN CALCULATIONS AS PER
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
PARTICULAR MATERIAL APPRAISAL
HAZARD ANALYSIS
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MANUFACTURING & PURCHASING
Graphite
Fabrication
Steel
Fabrication
Purchasing
Bought-outs
Permanent Jointing
procedure &
Qualification
Imperviousness Test
Reports of
Components
Material Heat chart
Material Heat Chart
Production Test coupon report
Weld Coupon, Permanent Jointing
procedure & Qualification
Radiographic layout & reports
Visual Inspection Reports
Pad test report
Material Heat Chart
FINAL ASSEMBLY
FINAL HYDROTEST & DIMENSIONAL REPORT BY US
FINAL INSPECTION REPORT BY LLOYDS
RUB OFF STAMPING & PHOTOCOPY OF NAME PLATE
AS BUILT DRAWING
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY BY US.
FINAL DOCUMENTATION
FINAL INSPECTION REPORT BY LLOYDS
CE CERTIFICATE BY NOTIFIED BODY
Design Documents Instruction Manual
Conformity Assessment
Based on Council Decision 93/465/EEC
Modules
Choice of modules depending on category
ranging from:
self- certification;
third party inspection, by Notified Body;
quality assurance;
combination..
PRESSURE EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION
AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
PS > 0.5bar
Excluded from PED
Annex A
PED does not apply
PED does not apply
NO
YES
YES
Type of PE
NO
Assemblies Pressure Accessories Safety Accessories
Vessel Steam Generator Piping
VESSEL
Determine state of
fluid contents
X
Group 1
Gas
Chart 2 Chart 1
Group 2
Category
SEP
I
II
III
IV
Module (Annex E)
Sound Engineering Practice
A
A1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,H
B+D, B+F, G, H1
Choose the required module for the category
Z
Determine conformity assessment category
From accessories
and assemblies
Determine fluid group
Determine PS (bar) and Volume (L)
Group 1
Liquid
Chart 4 Chart 3
Group 2
Determine fluid group
STEAM GENERATORS
Category
SEP
I
II
III
IV
Module (Annex E)
Sound Engineering Practice
A
A1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,H
B+D, B+F, G, H1
Choose the required module for the category
Z
Determine conformity assessment category
Determine PS (bar) and Volume (L)
Chart 5
From accessories
and assemblies
PIPING
Determine state of
fluid contents
Y
Group 1
Gas
Chart 7 Chart 6
Group 2
Category
SEP
I
II
III
IV
Module (Annex E)
Sound Engineering Practice
A
A1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,H
B+D, B+F, G, H1
Choose the required module for the category
Z
Determine conformity assessment category
Determine fluid group
Determine PS (bar) and nominal size DN
Group 1
Liquid
Chart 9 Chart 8
Group 2
Determine fluid group
From accessories
and assemblies
PRESSURE ACCESORIES
The nominal size DN and the volume
are equally appropriate
Compare the output category starting from X,
with that from Y and take the higher category
Go to Z
The nominal size DN is
more appropriate the volume
The volume is
more appropriate the DN
Go to X
Go to Y
Yes
Yes
No
No
SAFETY ACCESSORIES
Classified in the same
category as the
equipment it protects
Manufactured for
specific equipment
Yes No
Choose a module
from Category IV
Choose the required module for the category
Category
SEP
I
II
III
IV
Module (Annex E)
Sound Engineering Practice
A
A1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,H
B+D, B+F, G, H1
Z
ASSEMBLIES
Assessment of each item in the assembly according
to its category
Assessment of the integration of its components
against sections 2.3, 2.8 and 2.9 of the Essential
Safety Requirements as determined by the highest
category applicable to the items.
Other than for safety Accessories.
Assessment of the protection of an assembly against
exceeding the permissible operating limits as
referred in sections 2.10 and 3.2.3 of the Essential
Safety Requirements
Go to Z
Category I
A - Manufacturers declaration
Notified Bodys involvement not
required..
Category II (Any one module)
A1 - Manufacturers declaration with
monitoring of final inspection
D1 - Production quality assurance: ISO 9002
E1 - Product quality assurance: ISO 9003..
Category III (Any one block of modules)
B1 - Design examination
D - Production quality assurance (ISO 9002)
B1 - Design examination
F - Product verification
B - Type examination
E - Product quality assurance (ISO 9003)
B - Type examination
C1 - Monitoring of final inspection
H - Full quality assurance (ISO 9001)..
Category IV (Any one block of modules)
B - Type examination

D - Production quality assurance (ISO 9002)
B - Type examination

F - Product verification
G - Unit verification
H1 - Full quality assurance (ISO 9001) with
design examination and special
surveillance of the final inspection..
NBs Involvement
Category I - No NB involvement
Category II - QA Approval or
Surveillance by NB
Category III - Type or design Exam. and
surveillance by NB or QA
Approval
Category IV - Type Examination and
verification by NB or QA
Approval (plus additional
requirements)..
Sound Engineering Practice
applies to equipment with PS or V or
diameter below specified thresholds
design and manufacture in accordance
with sound engineering practice of a
Member State
must have adequate instructions for use
manufacturer must be identified
no Notified bodys involvement
does not have CE Marking applied..
CE Marking
The CE marking must not be smaller than
5 mm.
The CE marking must be accompanied by
the identification of the notified body
involved at the production control stage..
CE Marking
Must be accompanied by
name and address of manufacturer
year of manufacture
identification (serial no, batch...)
essential min./max. allowable limits
Any information or warnings necessary
for safe operation..
Declaration of Conformity
Name and address of manufacturer
Description of equipment or assembly
Conformity assessment procedure
followed
Name and address of any Notified Bodies
Reference to any EC Certification..
Declaration of Conformity
Harmonised Standards applied
Other standards applied
Other applicable EC Directives
Particulars of person signing declaration..
Safeguard Clause
Member State may withdraw or prohibit
placing on market, putting into service or
use of equipment bearing CE mark and
used as intended, which it considers
unsafe.
Member State must advise Commission of
measures taken, with reasons.
If justified: Commission consults with
parties concerned. If not: all Member
States and specific manufacturer advised
of findings..
Conclusion
The Directive will be law in all Member
States
Manufacturer will be responsible for
complying with the Directive
The Directive aims to harmonise existing
safe practice
The Directive requires set documentation
Apply common sense