ABAP Reports

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Agenda
ABAP Runtime Environment Data types and Data objects Creating & executing an ABAP Program Statements List Output Selection -Screen

Database access

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Agenda
Events and Flow Control Interactive Lists Passing Data Between Programs Macros Debugging

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ABAP Runtime Environment

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Components

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Structure

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General Program Execution

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Non-Executable Programs

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Data Types and Data Objects

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Data Types

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Data types
Data types are pure descriptions.

They do not occupy memory.

They describe the technical attributes of data objects. The data type is an attribute of a data object and is closely connected with it.

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Data Types

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Data types Predefined Elementary

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Data types User Defined

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Data types Example Elementary Types

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Data types Example Structured Types

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Table Types in Program

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Declaring Fields and Structure

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Declaring Internal Tables

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Selection Screen Fields

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Constants and Literals

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Data types
Type Groups
define standalone types in the ABAP Dictionary.

are based on the include technique, and allows to store any type definitions globally in the Dictionary.
are defined as ABAP code.
The first statement for the type group <pool> is always:
TYPE-POOL <pool>.

must be declared in an ABAP program, as follows, before it can be used:

TYPE-POOLS <pool>.
This statement allows use of all the data types and constants defined in the type group <pool> in the program.

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Data types: Type groups

Example :

The type group HKTST is created as follows in the ABAP Dictionary:

TYPE-POOL hktst. TYPES: BEGIN OF hktst_typ1, col1(10) TYPE c, col2 TYPE i, END OF hktst_typ1. TYPES hktst_typ2 TYPE p DECIMALS 2. CONSTANTS hktst_eleven TYPE i VALUE 11.

This type group defines

- two data types
HKTST_TYP1 HKTST_TYP2

- a constant
HKTST_ELEVEN with the value 11

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Data types: Type groups

Any ABAP program can use this definition by including a TYPE-POOLS statement: TYPE-POOLS hktst. DATA: dat1 TYPE hktst_typ1, dat2 TYPE hktst_typ2 VALUE '1.23'. WRITE: dat2, / hktst_eleven. The output is: -1,23 -11 The data types defined in the type group are used to declare data objects with the DATA statement and the value of the constant is, available in the program. Several type groups can be used in the same program.

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Data objects
Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. Each data object has a specific data type assigned to it. Each data object occupies some space in memory.

ABAP processes a data object according to its data type.

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Data objects
Internal data objects:- Created within a program.
Literals Variables Constants

External data objects:- Exist independently of programs.

TABLES statement

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Data objects
System-defined data objects:- Defined automatically by the system.
SPACE System fields

Special data objects:- Data objects with special features.

PARAMETERS SELECT-OPTIONS

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Field Symbols

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Field Symbols - Reference

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Field Symbols Dynamic Type Casting

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Declaring Data Objects Dynamically

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Creating And Executing ABAP Programs

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Creating & executing an ABAP Program

Start the ABAP Editor. (Transaction -> SE38) Enter a program name and choose Create. The name of an ABAP program can be between 1 and 30 characters long. It cannot contain any of the following characters: Period (.), comma (,), space ( ), parentheses (), apostrophe (), inverted commas ("), equals sign (=), asterisk (*),etc.

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Creating & executing an ABAP Program

Enter the program attributes applicable to reports.
Title Type = Executable Program Application = Cross-Application

Choose Save.

Enter the development class.

$TMP for local objects.

Choose Save.

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Creating & executing an ABAP Program

Save & activate the program.
-- Program Activate

Generate the program. -- Program Generate.

When the program is generated, the system creates a runtime object for it.
Execute the program. -- Program Execute.

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Activating a Program
When a program is activated, the system generates an active version from the inactive version.

The activation process checks for syntax errors in the program, then generates the active version. Finally, it generates a load version and deletes the corresponding entry from your list of inactive objects.

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Generating & Executing a Program

Generating a Program
When you generate a program, the system creates a new load version from the active version. Unlike activation, this operation only generates a new load version.

Executing a Program
Users can run executable programs either in the foreground, by entering the program name in Transaction SA38 (System Services Reporting), or as a background job.

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Standardize the layout of code

Pretty Printer can be used to standardize the layout of a

program to one of the following display variants:

Entire program in uppercase letters Entire program in lowercase letters

ABAP keywords in uppercase

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ABAP STATEMENTS

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ABAP Language structure

Several ABAP statements. Statement begins with a keyword & ends with a period.
E.g.:-

REPORT ZTEST01.

WRITE 'First Program'.

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Keywords
Declarative keywords

TYPES, DATA, TABLES

Modularization keywords Event keywords:

INITIALIZATION AT SELECTION SCREEN START-OF-SELECTION END-OF-SELECTION AT USER-COMMAND

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Keywords
Defining keywords:
FORM .. ENDFORM FUNCTION .. ENDFUNCTION MODULE .. ENDMODULE

Control keywords
IF, WHILE, CASE

Calling keywords
PERFORM, CALL, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO

Operational keywords
WRITE, MOVE, ADD

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Chain statements
Chain statements:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM. WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO. WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.

can be written as
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.

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Comments
Two ways to indicate comments:
Entire line to be commented
* at the beginning * WRITE 'First Program'.

Part of a line to be commented

before the comment

WRITE 'First Program'. " Output on List

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WRITE Statement
The basic ABAP statement for outputting data on the

screen.
WRITE <f>.

To position the output of a WRITE statement

WRITE AT [/][<pos>][(<len>)] <f>.

Various formatting options with the WRITE statement.

WRITE.... <f> <option>.

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Initializing

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Assigning Values

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Compatibility

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String Processing

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Searching In a String

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Changing Strings

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Splitting and Joining

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Accessing Parts of Fields

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Calculations- Syntax

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Calculations Integer , Packed Number

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Calculations Floating Point Numbers and Run Time error

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Calculations Date Field

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Logical Expressions

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Comparing Strings

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Conditional Branching

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Loops

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Leaving Processing Blocks

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Catching Runtime Errors

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Example Catching Errors

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List Output

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List

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Generating A List

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Setting The Size

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Page and Column Heading

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Line and Field Formats

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WRITE Statement

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Outputting Icons etc

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Scrolling

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Additional Statements

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Multi Lingual

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System Fields

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Exercise

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Selection - Screen

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Selection Screen

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Overview

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PARAMETERS

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SELECT-OPTIONS

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Multiple Selections

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SELECT-OPTIONS Syntax

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Designing The Selection Screen 1

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Designing The Selection Screen 2

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Initializing Selection Screen

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Input checks

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User Defined Selection Screens

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Variants

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Exercise

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Database Access

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SELECT Statement

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Process

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Selecting Single Record

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Selecting Multiple Records

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Array Fetch

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INTO Clause

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INTO-Corresponding

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Reading data from database tables Aggregrate Expression

MAX (<a>): returns the maximum value of the column <a> MIN (<a>): returns the minimum value of the column <a> AVG (<a>): returns the average value of the column <a> SUM (<a>): returns the sum value of the column <a> COUNT : COUNT( DISTINCT <a>) returns the number of distinct values for the column <a>.

COUNT( *) returns the total number of lines in the selection.

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Database Updates

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Open SQL Portability and Buffering

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Open SQL CLIENT field

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Creating Single Record

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Creating A Set Of Records

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Changing Single record

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Changing Record Sets Via Conditions

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Changing Record Sets Via Internal Tables

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Modifying Single Record

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Deleting A Single Record

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Deleting Record Sets Using Condition

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Deleting Records Via Internal Tables

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Database Roll Back

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Exercise

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