Chapter 11 Muscles

Muscles of facial expression Muscles of mastication Extrinsic tongue muscles Muscles of the neck and throat Back muscles Deep thorax muscles Abdominal wall muscles Superficial thorax muscles Shoulder muscles Elbow muscles Forearm muscles Hip & knee muscles Leg muscles

Chapter 11 Muscles
You

are responsible for muscles described in class

Origin Insertion Action Nerve - innervation (if given)

Be

able to recognize muscles in all diagrams of text

Muscles of facial expression

Orbicularis

oculi

Sphincter muscle of eyelid O: frontal & maxillary bones I: tissue of eyelid Action: closes eye Nerve: facial / CN VII

(11.6)

Muscles of facial expression

Zygomaticus

Majo r an

O: zygomatic bone I: corners of mouth Action: smiling Nerve: facial / CN VII

d Mi nor

(11.6)

Muscles of mastication
Masseter

O: zygomatic arch I: angle & ramus of mandible Action: elevate mandible Nerve: trigeminal nerve / CN V (foramen ovale)
Masseter

(11.7a)

Muscles of mastication
Temporalis

O: temporal fossa I: coronoid process of mandible Action: elevate and retract mandible Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (11.7a)

Extrinsic tongue muscles

Styloglossus

O: styloid process of temporal bone I: tongue Action: retract & elevate tongue Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII
Styloglossus

(11.7c)

Extrinsic tongue muscles

Hyoglossus

O: hyoid bone I: tongue Action: depresses tongue Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII

Hyoid bone

(11.7c)

Muscles of neck & throat

Digastric

two muscle bellies with an intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone O: inferior margin of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly) I: hyoid bone Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize hyoid, depress mandible Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII (posterior belly)

Anterior belly

Posterior belly

(11.8a)

Muscles of neck & throat

Stylohyoid

O: styloid process of temporal bone I: hyoid bone Action: elevate & retract hyoid, swallow Nerve: facial n. / CN VII
Stylohyoid

(11.7c)

Muscles of neck & throat

Sternohyoid

O: manubrium & medial end of clavicle I: hyoid bone Action: depress hyoid
Sternohyoid

(11.8a)

Muscles of neck & throat

Pharyngeal

constrictors

O: mandible, pterygoid process, hyoid, laryngeal cartilages I: posterior medial raphe of pharynx Action: peristaltic contraction / swallow

Superior Middle

Inferior

(11.8b)

Muscles of neck & throat

Sternocleidomastoid

O: manubrium & medial clavicle I: mastoid process of temporal bone Action: head & neck flexion, rotate head contralaterally Nerve: accessory n. / CN XI

(11.8a)

Muscles of neck & throat

Sternocleidomastoid

Back muscles
Spinalis

O: spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae Action: extends vertebral column (11.9d)

Deep thorax muscles

External

& internal intercostals

O&I: inferior & superior border of ribs Action: inspiration and expiration
Internal

(11.10a)

Deep thorax muscles

Diaphragm

Xiphoid process

O: inferior internal surface of rib cage & sternum, inferior costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae I: central tendon Action: flattens on contraction (inspiration) Nerve: phrenic nerves

(11.10b)

Abdominal wall muscles

Rectus

abdominis

O: pubic crest & symphysis I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, fix & depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba

(11.11ab)

Superficial thorax muscles

Pectoralis minor

O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 I: coracoid process of scapula Action: with ribs fixed, pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

(11.13a)

Superficial thorax muscles

Superificial thorax muscles

Serratus

anterior

O: ribs 1-8 I: vertebral border of scapula Action: hold scapula against chest wall, moves inferior angle of scapula lateral & superior (abduction, pushing, punching) Nerve: long thoracic nerve

(11.13a,8.1a reversed)

Superificial thorax muscles

Trapezius

O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7T12 spinous processes I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle Action: stabilize, elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head Nerve: Accessory (CNXI), C3 and C4

(11.13b)

Shoulder muscles
Pectoralis

major

O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique I: greater tubercle of humerus Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction, elevation of rib cage

(11.13a) -Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

Shoulder muscles

Deltoid

O: lateral clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula (compare to insertion of trapezius) I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: arm-abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation Nerve: Axillary nerve(C5C-6)

(11.13ab)

Shoulder muscles
Subscapularis

O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle of humerus Action: medial rotate arm, stabilize shoulder joint Nerve: Subscapular nerves (C5-C7)

(11.14d)

Shoulder muscles
Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus Action: lateral rotate humerus, stabilized shoulder joint Nerve: Suprascapular nerve (11.14b)

Rotator cuff muscles

Act

to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity and prevent dislocation Supraspinatous (Suprascapular nerve) Infraspinatus (Suprascapular nerve) Subscapularis (Subscapular nerve) Teres minor (Axillary nerve)

Elbow muscles
Triceps

brachii

O: long headinfraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus I: olecranon process of ulna Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm Nerve: Radial nerve

(11.14b)

Elbow muscles

Biceps brachii

O: short head-coracoid process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove) I: radial tuberosity Action: flex elbow, supinate forearm, weak arm flexor Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 & C6)

(11.14c)

Forearm muscles
Flexor

carpi (radialis & ulnaris)

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna I: metacarpals and carpals Action: wrist flexion, abduct & adduct hand Carpal tunnel (Median nerve) syndrome p. 184

radialis ulnaris

(11.15a) Anterior view

Forearm muscles

Extensor carpi

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of metacarpals Action: extend, abduct, and adducts wrist Palpate forearm muscles

Hip & knee muscles

Quadriceps femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum, greater trochanter, shaft of femur I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon Action: extend knee, flex thigh

Hip & knee muscles

Gluteus muscles

O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx I: shaft & greater trochanter of femur Action: extend thigh (climb stairs, running), lateral & medial rotate thigh, abduct thigh, steadies pelvis

Hip & knee muscles

Hamstrings

O: ischial tuberosity, shaft of femur I: lateral & medial condyles and shaft of tibia, head of fibula, lateral condyle femur Action: extend thigh, flex knee Makes touching toes hard

Leg muscles

Tibialis anterior

O: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia I: tarsal and first metatarsal bones Action: dorsiflexion

Leg muscles

Gastrocnemius

O: medial & lateral condyles of femur I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon Action: plantar flexion, flex knee