CPWF Ganges Basin Development Challenge

Increasing the Resilience of Agricultural and Aquaculture Systems in the Coastal Areas of the Ganges Delta

5 research projects
G2 Develop, evaluate, adapt new & improved cropping & aquaculture systems etc G1 Use of suitability domain maps as a decisions support tools G3 Better polder governance through reduced conflict between fishermen & farmers

G4 Understanding of the key external drivers of change in water resources

G5 Establish a policy framework for scaling up/out of technologies to enable changes in HH of Ganges coastal zone

G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient agriculture & aquaculture systems

Homestead Farming System (HFS)A way to improve nutrition and income for the landless poor in Southwest Bangladesh

Poverty in Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Among worlds poorest, most food insecure and vulnerable

Tidal River System in Southwest Bangladesh

Polder 30

Typical Polder

Lack of Maintenance in Polders

River

Inlet to sluice gate

Salinity intrusion (BWDB 2012) Siltation in river beds (Haq 2007) Increased water logging (FAO-WFP 2011) Flooding (Uttaran 2009) Seasonal food insecurity (WFP 2006)

Polder 31

Sluice gate on river side

Focal study area the coastal zone of SW Bangladesh

Sluice gate inside the polder

Polder 30

Land use pattern

What if flooding?

Large changes in salinity through the year

Movement of the 4ppt water salinity boundary in early 2011

Increasing area affected by soil salinity

Soil salinity None Very slight Slight Strong Very strong

Why are we interested in homestead farming systems (HFS)

Lower salinity - on high land Better access to supply channels and markets than fields

Scope of women empowerment

Most of the production is consumed by the household Less risk of poaching of high value products (vegetable, fruit, fish, chickens, cattle) Freshwater source (usually homestead ponds have freshwater) Reuse and recycling of resources can be more efficient

Reuse and Recycling in HFS

HFS Survey Areas

Polder 30: Medium Saline

Polder3: High Saline

Polder43/2/F: Low Saline

Objectives
To characterize homestead farming system To understand current use of resources and productivity To explore opportunities of improvement

Methodology
Household lists were collected from the Union Parishad, Stratified random sampling (survey area covered polder 43/2/F and 30 and southern part of Polder 3 which was subdivided into highland and lowland) SPSS software was used to randomly select households from each strata. Sampling was conducted at a 5% level of interval and total 1,280 households were surveyed. Strata Polder 3L Polder 3H Polder 30 Polder 43/2/F Total

Number of households 3,836 4,867 9,507 5,833 24,043

Households sampled 306 232 381 361 1,280

All statistical analysis was executed using the statistical software package SPSS-20.

Key Findings

Land holdings by polders

800 700 Number of households 600 Functionally landless < 0.2 ha Small 0.2-0.6 ha Marginal 0.6 - 1.0 ha Medium 1.0-3.0 ha 400 300 200 100 0 Large >3 ha

500

Polder 30

Polder 3-H

Polder 3 L

Polder 43

ALL Polder

More than 50% households are functionally landless

* Categories based on Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2010)

Average Land distribution

Polder-30 Polder-3H Polder-3L Polder43 81.3 77 85.5 75.5 0.311 18.7 0.068 0.246 23 0.072 0.457 14.5 0.076 0.356 24.5 0.121 All polder 79.5 0.348 20.5 0.085

Field Land Area (%) Average Field Land Area (ha) Homestead Land Area (%) Average Homestead Land Area (ha)

Average Land distribution among the functionally landless category

Field Land Area (%) Average Field Land Area (ha) Homestead Land Area (%) 36 0.020 64 0.036 27 0.012 73 0.032 23 0.012 77 0.040 30 0.020 70 0.048 29 0.016 71 0.040

Average Homestead Land Area (ha)

The importance of homestead for the functionally landless group

Household farm income contributes more than from field for functionally landless people
Average off farm income (TK)
70000

Average farm income from Homesteads (TK) Average farm income from Field (TK)

60000

50000

Taka/hh/year

40000

30000

20000

10000

Functionally Landless

Small

Marginal

Percentage of People Living Below National Poverty Line ( Income <1.25 $US/person/day)
100

90
80 70 % of people

60
50 40

30
20 10 0 National (2005) Surveyed Households marginal small Functionally landless

Components of HFS and Integration

Contribution of HFS to Household Income

Consumption
Correlation between HH food production and Its consumption

Correlation coefficient (r) at P<0.05

0.87 HH food consumption

0.54

0.52

0.56

0.56

Fish

Fruit

Poultry meat
HH food production

Poultry egg

Vegetable

Benefit cost ratio for different homestead farm components

BCR (including household labor) Production System Aquaculture Vegetable Poultry Livestock Polder-30 1.79 0.44 0.27 0.72 Polder-3H 1.14 0.76 0.49 0.86 Polder-3L 1.10 1.78 0.27 1.03 Polder-43 0.84 0.51 0.17 0.43 All Polder 1.19 0.68 0.26 0.73

BCR (excluding household labor) Production System Polder-30 Aquaculture 3.1 Vegetable 2.2 Poultry 0.9 Livestock 1.4 Polder-3H 2.1 3.5 2.0 2.0 Polder-3L 1.7 4.6 1.2 1.9 Polder-43 1.1 2.7 0.7 2.2 All Polder 1.8 3.1 1.0 1.8

Present farming practice and productivity

Areas of intensification

Homestead land use pattern

40 35 30 25
Area (Dec)

20 15 10 5 0
Dwelling House Yard Poultry Livestock shade Fruit vegetable garden/trees garden Pond Tree covered area

Comparative Aquaculture Production

National average production Household production
5500 5000

Improved average production Linear (Household production)

Fish Production Kg/ha

4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000

1500
1000 500 0

House hold

Homestead Pond Types

Purpose: Establish a women led participatory action research for improving income and nutrition benefits to homesteads from challenged/shaded homestead ponds Key questions for 2013 research How household consumption and income can be increased through improved productivity from small shaded ponds without hampering regular household pond water uses considering suitable species composition? feeding compositions and strategy?

Research plan for 2013

How womens capacity of decision making and control of resources can be improved through their involvement in shaded pond fish farming?

Locations & new partners under umbrella of G2

Jess ore

Polder 3: G2, AAS Polder 30: G2, AAS

P30

P3
Bari sal P5 P43

P39

Polder 43: G2, FtF-Aq

Polder 5: SmartFarm Polder 39: SmartFarm Barisal Faridpur

Jessore

Research Process

Technology options:
Small indigenous fish Higher value and air breathing fish Stress tolerant catfish Carp, tilapia Developing suitable feeding a. Light trap at night for attracting insects b. Increasing benthic population c. Insects/ants as feed by their commercial propagation Integrating with floating vegetable production or small ruminants Different species combination for brackish water Cages for nursing of fry to fingerling of GIFT

Three top technology preferred by the women group will be tested through participatory action research process
ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY 1 TECHNOLOGY 1 TECHNOLOGY 2 TECHNOLOGY 3 ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY 2

ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY 3

Community consultation Guideline

Homestead resources mapping Identifying major homestead farming components Role of pond in homestead system and its integration with other farming practices SWOT analysis of pond aquaculture Identifying species preferences (matrix) Identifying preference for fish feeding (matrix) Finding possible ways of increased integration among homestead farming components

Community consultation Guideline

Finding options for addressing multiple use of homestead ponds Annual water calendar and water use from homestead ponds Women participation in homestead farming system (HFS) Role of women in household decision making including HFS Women perspective about nutrition How women participation can be in HFS product marketing Cooperation and joint participation for increased productivity and profitability Role of women in HFS participatory technology development and knowledge sharing

Participatory Mapping of HFS

Water availability in homestead ponds, use pattern and preference

Women are Interested in Aquaculture

Fish Preference by Women

Fish Feed Preference by Women

Commercial Feed

Home made feed

Kitchen waste

Insects & other naturally available feed

Women Preference for Participating Different Activities of Aquaculture

Fish sale

Fish harvest

Fish feeding monitoring

Fish stocking

2013 Work plan

Activity Jun e Q4 Q 1 3rd July Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 August Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 September Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 October Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 November Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 December Q 2 Q 3 Q 4

Pond preparation Orientation workshop in Khulna Stocking Farmers training Refresher training Linkage meeting Group meeting Feeding Fish sampling Monitoring & Record keeping Harvesting for regular consumption Harvesting for sale Participatory Evaluation Learning sharing workshop

Every day morning and Evening by the women farmers Participatory record keeping by the women farmers which will be checked by implementation team members during group meeting

References
BWDB. 2012. Water Management Review in Polder 26, polder 45 FAO-WFP. 2011. A Rapid Food Security Assessment of Satkhira district. Haq, A. H. M. R.; 2007. ADB nurturing CEP- the ecological hierarchy of catastrophe. CDP publication for ADBs 40th AGM held 2007 In Kyoto.Japan Uttaran. 2009. Flood 2009: Situation Assessment- Climate Change Worsens Disaster Risks for Communities in Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh. WFP. 2006. Food Security Assessment in Bangladesh- Issues and Implications for Mapping Food Insecurity and Vulnerability.

Thanks to all