CONTENT

Definition of
Network Topology

Types of
Network Topology

Differentiation Between the

Types of Network Topology
 DEFINITION

What is a Topology ?

Topology is a Branch of Mathematic in which we study

about the arrangement of element.
In term of Computer networking
“The structure, consisting of paths and switches, that
provides the communication interconnections among
nodes of a network”
Types of Topology

TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

PHUSICAL LOGICAL
TOPOLOGY TOPOLOGY

PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:- “THE PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY OF A

NETWORK REFERS TO THE LAYOUT OF CABLES, COMPUTERS AND
OTHER PERIPHERALS”.

LOGICAL TOPOLOGY:- “LOGICAL TOPOLOGY IS THE

METHOD USED TO PASS THE INFORMATION BETWEEN THE
COMPUTERS”
TYPES OF PHYSICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Three commonly used network topologies

are:-
Ring network.

Tree network.

Star network.

Bus network.

Mesh network.
 RING TOPOLOGY

Cable forms closed ring or loop, with

all computers and devices arranged
along ring.

Data travels from device to

device around entire ring, in one
direction.

Primarily is used for LANs, but

also is used in WANs.
RING TOPOLOGY
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
RING TOPOLOGY

RING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1) No terminator required. 1) Data packets must pass
through every computer between
the sender and recipient therefore,
this makes it slower.

2) The transmission of data is 2) If any of the nodes fail then the

relatively simple as packets travel ring is broken and data cannot be
in one direction only. transmitted successfully.
 SUMMARY
RING TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

•Cable forms •Data is quickly
•Data packets must pass
closed ring or loop, transferred without a
with all computers ‘bottle neck’. through every computer
and devices between the sender and
arranged along •The transmission of recipient therefore, this
ring. data is relatively makes it slower.
simple as packets
•If any of the nodes fail
travel in one direction
then the ring is broken and
only.
data cannot be transmitted
successfully.

•It is difficult to troubleshoot

the ring.
TREE TOPOLOGY

In a tree network all

computers are
connected in a
hierarchal fashion.

Require data flow

through the branches.

A tree topology combines

characteristics of linear bus
and star topology.
 ADVENTAGES AND DISADVENTAGES OF
TREE TOPOLOGY

TREE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1) Point-to-point
wiring for
individual segments
2) Functional grouping can be
created.
1) Overall length of each
segment is limited by the type of
cabling used
2) If the backbone line breaks,
the entire segment goes down.

3) More difficult to configure and

wire than other topologies.
 SUMMARY
TREE TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

•In a Tree network •Point-to-point wiring for
•Overall length of each
all computers are individual segments.
connected in a segment is limited by the
hierarchal fashion. type of cabling used.
Functional grouping can
be created. .
•If the backbone line
breaks, the entire segment
goes down.

More difficult to configure

and wire than other
topologies.
 STAR TOPOLOGY

All devices connect to a

central device, called
Hub or Switch.

All data transferred

from one computer to
another passes through
hub.
STAR TOPOLOGY
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF STAR TOPOLOGY

STAR
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1) Easy to install and wire. 1) Requires more cable length

than a ring or bus topology.

2) Security can be implemented 2) Failure of the switch or hub can

in the hub/switch. disable the entire network.

3) Easy to detect faults and to 3) More expensive than linear bus

remove parts. topologies because of the cost of
the concentrators.
 SUMMARY
STAR TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

•Requires more cable
•All devices •Easy to install and wire.
length
connect to a
than a linear topology.
central device,
called hub. •Security can be If the hub or
implemented concentrator fails,
in the hub/switch. nodes attached are
disabled.
•Easy to detect faults
and to More expensive than
remove parts linear bus topologies
because of the cost of
the concentrators.
 INTERNET TOPOLOGY

The Internet is a series of

interconnected networks.
Personal computers and
workstations are
connected to a Local Area
Network (LAN) by either a
dial-up connection
through a modem and
standard phone line or by
being directly wired into
the LAN.
 INTERNET TOPOLOGY

Other modes of data

transmission that allow
for connection to a network
include T-1
connections and dedicated
lines.
Bridges and hubs link
multiple networks
to each other. Routers
transmit data through
networks and determine the
best path
of transmission.
 BUS TOPOLOGY

All computers and devices connected

to central cable or bus.

Consists of a main run of cable with

a terminator at each end.

Popular on LANs because they are

inexpensive and easy to install.
BUS TOPOLOGY
 ADVENTAGES AND DISADVENTAGES
OF BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY

BUS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1) Easy to connect computer or 1) Entire network shuts down if

peripheral to a linear bus. there is a break in the main
cable.
2) Requires less cable length 2) Terminators are required at
than a star topology. both ends of the backbone cable.

3) Difficult to identify the problem if

the entire network shuts down.
 SUMMARY

BUS TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

•All computers •Easy to connect a
•Entire network shuts
and devices computer or
connected to peripheral to a linear down if
central cable bus. there is a break in the
main cable.
•Requires less cable •Terminators are
length than required at both
a star topology. ends of the backbone
cable.
•Difficult to identify the
problem
if the entire network
shuts down.
 MESH TOPOLOGY

Not common on LANs

Most often used in WANs

to interconnect LANS

Each node is connected to

every other node

Allows communication to
continue in the event of a
break in any one connection
MESH TOPOLOGY
 ADVENTAGES AND DISADVENTAGES
OF MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY
MESH
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1) Expensive.
1) Providing multiple path
through the network.
2) Improves Fault 2) Difficult to install
Tolerance

3)Sending and receiving of 3) Difficult to manage

data can be done at the
same time.
 SUMMARY
MESH TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

Each node is 1) Expensive..
•Improves Fault
connected to
Tolerance
every other
node . 2) Difficult to install

3) Difficult to manage