Mean

But what if the data looked

like this:

Here is the average

And here is the range

But really, most of the

numbers are in this area,
and are not evenly
distributed throughout the
range.

large,

small,

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Average:
81.5

For example, start with the lowest score, 72. How far away is 72 from the
mean of 81.5?
72 - 81.5 = - 9.5

- 9.5

Or, start with the lowest score, 89. How far away is 89 from the mean of
81.5?
89 - 81.5 = 7.5

- 9.5

7.5

Distance
from
Mean

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

-9.5

7.5

Distance
from
Mean

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

Distance
from
Mean

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

Distances
Squared

90.25
30.25

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

90.25
30.25
2.25
2.25
0.25
2.25
6.25
12.25
12.25
56.25

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

90.25
30.25
2.25
2.25
0.25
2.25
6.25
12.25
12.25
56.25

Sum:
214.5

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

90.25
30.25
2.25
2.25
0.25
2.25
6.25
12.25
12.25
56.25

Sum:
214.5
(10 - 1)

= 23.8

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

90.25
30.25
2.25
2.25
0.25
2.25
6.25
12.25
12.25
56.25

Sum:
214.5
(10 - 1)

= 23.8
= 4.88

72
76
80
80
81
83
84
85
85
89

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 9.5
- 5.5
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
7.5

90.25
30.25
2.25
2.25
0.25
2.25
6.25
12.25
12.25
56.25

Sum:
214.5
(10 - 1)

= 23.8
= 4.88

57
65
83
94
95
96
98
93
71
63

Distance
from
Mean

Distances
Squared

- 24.5
- 16.5
1.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
16.5
11.5
- 10.5
-18.5

600.25
272.25
2.25
156.25
182.25
210.25
272.25
132.25
110.25
342.25

Sum:
2280.5
(10 - 1)

= 253.4
= 15.91

Average on
the Quiz
Standard
Deviation

Team A

Team B

81.5

81.5

4.88

15.91

Statistical Significance Level

The risk the researcher takes of accepting the research
hypothesis when null hypothesis is true
Typical significance level: .05/.01

Critical
Value

Research Hypothesis
Salary level is positively related to years of work
experience
Average age of women in Indore differs from the
average age of men

Statistical Significance Level

Two
tailed

Critical
Value

One
tailed