Farming system Research and

Advisory services
CSR ON FARM (ECF)
RESEARCH CENTER
IGKV,RMD, COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH
STATION
AMBIKAPUR, DISTRICT-
SURGUJA (C.G.)
 Farming system-Concept
• Farming System is a complex inter related matrix of soil,
plants, animals, implements, power, labour capital and
other inputs controlled in part by farming families and
influenced to varying degrees by political, economic,
institutional and social forces that operate at many
levels.
• In the farming system, the farm is considered as an
entity of inter dependent farming enterprises to be
carried out on it (farm). The farm is viewed in a holistic
manner. The farmers are subjected to many socio-
economic; biophysical, institutional, administrative and
technological constraints.
• The farming system conceptually is a
set of elements or components that
are interrelated and interact among
themselves. At the centre of the
interaction is the farmer- exercising
control and choice regarding the
types of results of interaction.
• The income from cropping alone for small and
marginal farm is often insufficient to sustain the
farmer’s family. But, under Farming system
management a judicious mix of one or more of
Suitable enterprises viz. Dairy, Fishery, Piggery,
horticulture etc. with agronomic crop, has been
initiated to complement the farm income and
helping in recycling the farm residues/wastes
The selection of enterprises was mainly based
on the cardinal principles of minimizing the
competition and maximizing the complementary
behavior between the enterprises.
• The multi disciplinary approach
has been under taken for
developing the various farming
systems models in accordance
with the agro-eco systems in
Northern hills zone of CG.
 Objectives of FSA :
• To develop farm- house hold systems for rural
communities on a sustainable basis
• To improve efficiency in farm production
• To raise farm and family income.
• To increase welfare of farm families and satisfy their
basic needs.
• To create an opportunity for developing diversified
models for different type of farmers and different
category of farmers.
• To bring consequential a complex change through F.S.
model developed by On Farm -Research and Extension
Programmes.
• To take the help from Government line department for

necessary intervention needed for development of

farming systems enterprises.

• To ensure complements component-oriented approach

To ensure active participation of rural communities.

• Emphasizing understanding of farm house hold-

community inter linkages.
• Review constraints and assesses potentials

• To combine improvements desired from better

technology.
• Timely analysis, planning testing, monitoring and
evaluation of programmes for continuous, dynamic
• In view of serious limitations on horizontal
expansion of land and agriculture, only
alternative left is for vertical expansion
through various farm enterprises require
less space and time but giving high
productivity and ensuring periodic income
specially for the small and marginal
farmers..
• The following farm enterprises could be
combined.
• AGRI – LIVESTOCK
• AGRI – LIVESTOCK – POULTRY
• AGRI – HORT – LIVESTOCK
• AGRO – FORESTRY, SILVI – PASTORAL
• RICE + FISH
• RICE + FISH + MUSHROOM
• FLORICULTURE + APIARY (Bee-keeping)
• Fishery+ Duckery+ Poultry
• For meaningful execution of
integrated farm-enterprises, the
following activities have been
undertaken by
• a multi-disciplinary team and
Extension Professional with
farmers participation and
involvement at all stages.
 Through:
• Thorough understanding of existing
farming systems and their components
• Assessment of resource availability in the
farm environment and identification of bio-
physical, socio-economic, institutional,
administrative and technological
constraints.
• Developments of economic viable and
efficient integrated farming systems
suitable for various Farming conditions.
• Diffusion of improved technology and
receiving “feed back” for further
improvement of the system as a whole.
• Continuous improvement in components
technology to fit into a given farming
system
• Improvement in quality of farming system.
• Research-Extension linkage through “On
farm Adaptive Research”.
 Summary
• Due to ever increasing population and decreasing per
capita availability of land in India, there is little scope for
horizontal expansion of land for food, feed, fuel and fibre
production.
• Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating various
farm enterprises requiring less space and time and
ensuring periodic income to the farmer.

• The farming system approach, therefore, assumes great

importance for sound management of farm resources to
enhance farm productivity, reduce the degradation of
environmental quality, improve the quality of life of
farmers and above all to maintain sustainability in farm
production and productivity.
 Predominant farming system in the area of operation
S. Crop Area (ha) % of Important constraints (not more
No. component farmers than prioritized three) leading to
low productivity
1 Rice 330.2 100% (i) Lack of irrigation
2 Wheat 41 33.50 (ii) Sub-optimal use of fertilizer

3 Maize 59 79.31 (iii) Use of less productive local

4 Mustard 50.2 28.58 seed and varieties

5 Arhar 26.6 52.70 (iv) Lack of proper plant

6 Ramtil 43.1 27.10 protection measure (weed,

insect, pest and disease).
7 Urd 17.9 34.98

8 Groundnut 13.7 13.79

9 Vegetable 62 30.54
(Kharif+Rabi)
(54 +8)

*Total Survey of 208 Farmers were conducted before under taking the FSR Prog.
Other components Average No. Total farmers having components

Cow 1.92 135

Buffalo 2.32 53

Goat 4.70 108

Sheep - -

Beekeeping - -

Poultry 14.34 46

Fishery 1.12 08

Piggery 11.31 19

Wage 40 man days 128

II. Farmers are getting income from different
components of farming

Sr. Components Area/NO. Av. % age of

No. Income(Rs.) Total
Income
1 CROPS 643 ha crops 7235.00 61.84

2 Cow 1.92 1815.00 10.56

3 Buffalo 2.30 2079.00 2.10
4 Goat 4.70 716.00 3.20
5 Poultry 14.37 1650.00 4.26
6 Piggery 11.3 2708.00 2.22
7 Fishery 1.12 3870.00 1.60
8 Wages & Others 40 man-days 2576.00 14.22
Income
Farming System Studies of Small ,
Medium and large farmers

(A) Most Common farming system:- Crops +Dairy

Major crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Toria and Groundnut.
Vegetables: potato, cabbage, onion, cauliflower,
cucurbits etc.
Major animals:- Cows and Buffaloes
Other Enterprises:- goatary , poultry, fisheries &
piggery
Orchards:-Mango & Jackfruits, Litchi etc.
 Major Constraints:-

Crops :-
(i) Use of local or over years old T.L. seed of crop
varieties.
(ii) Sub- optimal use of fertilizer
(iii) Poor plant protection.
Dairy :-
(i) Indegenous low yielding local (2-3 Lit.milk /day)
breeds of cows.
(ii) Fodder with low Nutritive value-i.e., Rice straw,
wheat straw, lack of leguminous green fodder,
concentrate, Minerals etc.
 Fruit cultivation:-
• Jackfruit, mango, guava, custard apple &
litchi are major fruit plantation of fruit tree
species. Even in improved varieties of
Mango, Jackfruit & litchi etc. Proper
schedules of manuring and fertilizers,
Irrigation and Plant protection for proper
fruit setting and prevention of fruit drops,
are not followed .
 Fishery, piggery, Poultry &
goatery:-
• Lack of suitable species/breeds and
rearing technique; Low productivity and
body weight due to poor feeding and
health care.
Farming System’s Model
At
Farmer’s Fields Adopted
Under CSR Farming
System Research And
Advisory Services, IGKV
ECF Center Ambikapur
.(C.G.)
 research and advisory services, Ambikapur.

• The initial or existing component wise evaluation were made

and improvements suggested as intervention were proposed as
projected - component wise farming system development
programme for each farmers.

. Finally the real progress made by individual farmer in respect

of enhancement in income of particular component and over
all farming system over existing system were evaluated.

• The farming systems advisory committee consisting of

scientists/expert, agronomy, Horticulture, Plant protection,
Animal nutrition and Veterinary science was constituted to
suggest and monitor the component wise improvement in
farming system of adopted farmers. The summarized reports
are as given below:
Title: Impact Of Technological
Interventions & Advisory
Services On Improvement Of
Farming Systems Production
And Profitability Of Different
Categories Of Farmers
 EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME
ON FARMERS INCOME
S.
N
Name of the farmers Component wise income
and components Initial
FC+V O D G P F/Pig Total
1 Sailendra Majumdar 37950 7700 2500 2400 4000 6000 83050
(FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D) 0
2 Sh. Anil Adhikari 98000 8000 - - - - 106000
(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha 37500 10500 2000 - - - 68000

(FV+O+D)
0
4 Sh. Radhe Gupta 60000 2000 2150 2000 1000 - 95500
(FC+V+D)
0 0
5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha 52700 - 4000 - - - 56700
(FC+V+D)

6 Sh. Ram Prasad 39500 - - 500 650 13000 53650

(FC+V+G+Pig)
(pig)

7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta 17000 1000 1200 900 1000 - 31900

(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)
0
 Achieved after 2 years-Component wise Income Income
Farmer incr
ease
name &
d%
Components FC+V O D G P F/Pig. Total

1.S. Majumdar 97010 18950 72960 2500 11000 15000 217420 161
(FC+Veg.+O
rc.+Fish+D

2 . Anil Adhikari 145738 26800 15000 - - - 172238 62

(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

3. Dwarika Pd. 154570 14200 66000 - - - 234770 245

Kushwaha
(FV+O+D)

4. Radhe Gupta 193280 7000 49500 4500 32000 - 286280 199

(FC+V+D)

5 Indra San 121825 - 16000 - - - 137825 143

Kushwaha
(FC+V+D)

6. Ram Prasad 110440 - - 2300 4600 18500 135840 153

(FC+V+G+Pig) (pig)
7. Kamlesh Gupta 61800 1000 842000 4500 43000 64000 1015300 3082
(FC+V+O+D+P+
 EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME
ON FARMERS INCOME & CROPPING INTENSITY
S.
N Name of the farmers Income (Rupees) Cropping Intensity(%)
and component Initial Achiev Increse Initial Achieve Incres
ed (%) d e
(%)
1 75
Sailendra Majumdar 83050 217420 161 118 207
(FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)
2 Sh. Anil Adhikari 106000 172238 62 207 259 25
(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha 68000 234770 245 200 256 28

(FV+O+D)

4 Sh. Radhe Gupta 95500 286280 199 130 161 24

(FC+V+D)

5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha 56700 137825 143 262 275 5

(FC+V+D)

6 Sh. Ram Prasad 53650 135840 153 138 190 29

(FC+V+G+Pig)

7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta 31900 1015300 3082 107 172 60

(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)
 PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL
COMPONENTS
S.No Animal Animal Components Nutrition & health care package
Component
s Before After
Cow- Productivity Average milk Average 9.5 Liter
1. 6.8Lit./per day milk per day
Buffalos (increased 25%)
Growth/development Average
bodyweight Sound growth &
body weight
Concievement/dry period irregular & poor proper & regular

2. Calf Mortality % Higher (50 - Minimum (10 to

60%) 15%)
3. Poultry Mortality % Body wt. in one 30 to 40% 5 to 10%
month 0.5 to 0.6 kg 0.9 to 1.2 kg

4. Goat Mortality % Higher 30% Low 5-10%

Growth Poor Healthy (25%
Productivity 01 each higher body
weight)
 PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL
COMPONENTS
S/No Animal No Package/Nutritional supplement
component
1. Cow 26 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol
(100+60ml)/day/ animal Min.Mix.
Chelated Agriminefort 30gm/animal/day
Buffalos 09 Dewarming : Tab. Panacar 1.5gm x 2
each animal
Total 35 Feeds & Fodders : Chari, Barseem Oat,
Maize grain, Oil cakes
2. Calf 16 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol
(20ml/day)
. Dewarming : Albomar 10ml each/day

3 Poultry 200 Syrp. Vimerol 5ml per liter water

Oxitetra cycline 5gm per liter water

 Suitable Cropping systems for
Remunerative production

Cropping Maize Cabbage Potato Onion

sys.
Sowing/T April 10th June 20th Sept. 20th January 5th
P
Variety Pro-agro Laurel/Ba Early Jawahar Royal
4212 har Selection-1
Spacing 50x25 50x30 50x20 15x10
(cm)
Fertilizer 80:50:30 120:80:50 120:80:50 120:80:50
NPK
kg/ha
Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 25kg + Multiplex - 50kg/ha.
FYM 10-15
ton/ha ton/ha
Croppin Chilli Green Wheat Maize
g sys. pea
Sowing/ 10 March 15 20 Dece. 15 April
TP Sept.
Variety Tejashwani/ Golden Vidisha 4212 (GC)
CM-Hot/ /Aric
Godawari le
Spacing 80x50 30x10 20cm 50x20
(cm)
NPK 120:100:80 30:60:2 100:60:4 80:50:30
kg/ha 0 0
Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 30kg + Multiplex -
100kg
FYM 20 ton/ha
Croppin Maize Toria Wheat Maize
g sys.
Sowing/T 10 June 15 Sept. 20 Dece. 15 April
P
Variety Pro-agro JT-1 Vidisha Pro-agro-
4212 4212
Spacing 50x25 30R-R 20R-R 50x20
(cm)
Fertilizer 80:50:3 80:50:30 100:60:40 80:50:30
NPK 0
kg/ha
FYM 10-15 - - -
ton/ha
Yield q/ha 150 10 35 150
Aprox Cost System Rs. -
50000.00
 Agronomic Management practices for increased
production of sugarcane.
Objective :
To increase the yield by addressing the most important
(Limiting) factor no.-1 responsible for low yield i.e.,
improved variety and constraint No.2 ie. use of
recommended dose of fertilizer for sugarcane.

T1 Farmers practice (local variety and less fertilizer 80:48:24

NPK kg/ha)
T2 T1(Farmers practice )+ use of improved variety –Co
8201.
T3 T1(Farmers practice) + recommended dose of fertilizer-
200:80:100 NPK kg/ha.
T4 All the recommended package of practices , i.e. improve
variety + recommended fertilizer + Integrated
nutrients (Zinc Sulphate @25kg/ha) and weed
management (Atrazine 1.5Kg a.i./ha) etc.
 Economical analysis of sugarcane production

under different treatments

. T1-FP T2-FP+IV T3- ARP
Treatments FP+R
F
Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80
Income(Rs./ha) 53020 75900 108350 157180
Cost (Rs./ha) 28400 33300 34700 44300
Net 24620 42600 73650 112880
Income(Rs./ha)
B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55
Additional Net - 17980 49030 88260
income overFP
FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended
Fertilizer,
 Economical Analysis and Yield Attributes of
Sugarcane under different treatments

. T1-FP T2-FP+IV T3- ARP

Treatments FP+R
F
Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80
Tillers/hill 4.10 5.6 6.90 8.80
Weight/Can (kg) 1.25 1.57 1.70 2.36
NetIncome (Rs/ha) 24620 42600 73650 112880
B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55
Additional Net - 17980 49030 88260
incomePractice,
FP-Farmers overFP IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,
ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton
 Other profitable systems ( Intensive)

• 1. Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Maize + Cowpea
• 2. Maize-Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Cowpea
• 3. Chilli -Table pea –Onion -Maize +Cowpea
• 4. Cabbage-Cauliflower-Onion-Maize+Cowpea
• 5. Colocasia -Cabbage-Onion-Cucurbits
• 6. Maize-Brinjal
• 7. Maize-Potato-Tomato-Onion+Cowpea
• 8. Rice-Tomato-Onion-Maize+Cowpea
• 9. Ginger-Onion-Maize.
• Common Systems:
• 1. Rice-Wheat-Moong
• 2. Maize-Toria-Wheat
• 3. Maize-Tablepea-Maize
Maize Based Cropping Systems
Maize-Tomato at adopted (FS)Farmers Field
Rice Based Cropping Systems
A View Of Field Day
Maize Based Cropping Systems
PERFORMANCE OF HYB. RICE PRO-6201 UNDER
RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE
RESPONSE OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE-WHEAT
SEQUENCE
MAIZE BASED CROPPING
SEQUENCE
MAIZE-WHEAT SYSTEM
A VIEW OF OILSEED CROPS
TABLE PEA-AJAD PEA-1
Agronomical Management In
Groundnut-Wheat System
Maize based Cropping System
 .
VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL TO FARMERS UNDER F.S R.
AMBIKAPUR(ECF)
VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL ,DIRECTOR-PDCSR
.
TO FARMERS UNDER F.S R.AMBIKAPUR(ECF)
Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R.
Hazra
Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R.
Hazra