Lab Activity 11: Group I

Muscles Martini Chapter 11

Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia PJM3106

Origin and Insertion

Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue. Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Frontalis
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis Insertion: Skin over forehead Action: Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

Epicranial Aponeurosis

Occipitalis
Origin: Occipital and temporal bones Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis Action: Fixes epicranial aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
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Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Medial orbital margin and zygomatic bone Insertion: Skin surrounding eye Action: Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead
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Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible
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Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic process and arch Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates mandible
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Orbicularis Oris
Origin: By muscular skips to surround muscles Insertion: Muscles interlace to surround mouth Action: Closes and purses lips
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Zygomaticus Major
Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Corner of mouth Action: Elevates corner of mouth

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Risorius
Origin: Fascia of masseter Insertion: Corner of mouth Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally

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SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK

Omohyoid
Origin: Medial tip of suprascapular notch Insertion: Body of hyoid bone Action: Depresses hyoid bone
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Sternohyoid
Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium, and medial clavicle Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Depresses hyoid bone
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Mylohyoid
Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, depresses mandible

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Digastric Anterior Belly

Origin: Lower border of mandible near midline Insertion: Intermediate tendon Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible
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Digastric Posterior Belly

Origin: Mastoid notch of temporal bone Insertion: Intermediate tendon Action: Moves hyoid bone back

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MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK

Trapezius
Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and spinous process of C7-T12 Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward
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Levator Scapula
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4

Insertion: Superior angle spine of scapula

Action: Elevates scapula

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Rhomboid Major
Origin: Spinous process of T1-5 and supraspinous ligament Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

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Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column
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Rhomboid Minor
Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1 Insertion: Medial border of scapula at base of spine Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
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Serratus Anterior
Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus
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Erector Spinae
Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12 Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae Action: Extension of vertebral column
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Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliolumbar ligament and crest of ilium Insertion: Lower border of 12th rib, transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae Action: Depresses rib cage inferiorly and laterally flexes trunk
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Scalenes Anterior
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 Insertion: 1st rib Action: Elevates 1st rib, flexes neck forward and laterally, rotates neck

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Scalenes Middle
Origin: Transverse processes of C2-C7 Insertion: 1st rib Action: Elevates 1st rib, flexes neck forward and laterally, rotates neck

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Scalenes Posterior
Origin: Transverse processes of C4-C6 Insertion: 2nd rib Action: Elevates 2nd rib, flexes neck laterally, slightly rotates neck

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MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL

External Intercostal
Origin: Inferior border of rib above Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration

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Internal Intercostal
Origin: Superior border of rib below Insertion: Inferior border of rib above Action: Depresses rib cage during expiration

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Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing
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Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Rectus Abdominus
Origin: Pubis symphysis and crest of pubis Insertion: Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column
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External Abdominal Oblique

Origin: External surface of lower 8 ribs Insertion: Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
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Internal Abdominal Oblique

Origin: Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis Action: Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column
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Transverse Abdominis
Origin: Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis Action: Compresses abdomen
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The End

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