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Body Interactions
The Body Interactions folder, under Connections, is used to define global connection options for Explicit Dynamics
Contact Detection
Trajectory (default)
Formulation Shell Thickness Factor Tolerence
Training Manual
Proximity Based
Pinball Factor Timestep Safety Factor Limiting Timestep Velocity Edge On Edge Contact
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Trajectory Contact
Recommended option for impact and sliding contact between Solids, Shells and Beams. The trajectory of nodes and faces are tracked during the computation cycle. If the trajectory of a node and a face intersects during the cycle a contact event is detected (see figure). Trajectory based contact does not constrain the time step
Often provides the most efficient solution.
Training Manual
Nodes which penetrate into another element at the start of the simulation will be ignored for contact and should be avoided.
To generate duplicate conforming nodes across a contact interface
a) Use the multi-body part option in DesignModeler and set the Shared Topology Method to either Imprint or None b) In Meshing use Arbitrary Match Control (Sweep) or Match mesh where possible (Patch Independent Tetrahedrons).
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Trajectory Contact
Shell Thickness Factor
Training Manual
The Shell Thickness Factor (STF) defines the shell (surface body) thickness used for contact
A factor of 1.0 takes the true physical shell thickness into account, which means that the contact surface is positioned at half the true shell thickness on both sides of the shell mid plane.
A factor of 0.0 means that the shell has no contact thickness and the contact surface is positioned at the shell mid plane.
Value must be between 0.0 and 5.0
For shell node on shell face impacts, the node is always located at the mid-surface of the shell.
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Trajectory Contact
Formulations
Penalty Formulation (default, recommended)
A penalty force is calculated to push a penetrating node back to the face. Penalty forces are calculated to conserve linear and angular momentum.
Training Manual
where D is the depth of penetration M is the effective mass of the node (N) and face (F) t is the simulation time step Nodes will be pushed back towards the contact position, but it will usually take several cycles to satisfy the contact condition.
Decomposition Response
All contacts that take place at the same point in time are first detected. The response of the system is then calculated to conserve momentum and energy. During this process, forces are calculated to ensure that the resulting position of nodes and faces does not result in further penetration at that time point
The decomposition response algorithm is more impulsive (in a given cycle) than the penalty method. This can in some situations give rise to large hourglass energies and energy errors.
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February 27, 2009 Inventory #002665
Training Manual
Pinball Factor defines the size of the contact detection zone (Gap).
Smallest element size is multiplied by this factor to give the physical size of the contact detection zone. Value must be between 0.1 to 0.5. The smaller the fraction the more accurate the solution.
F R
F R R
Gap
Initial geometry / mesh must be defined such that there is a physical gap / separation of at least the contact detection zone size between interacting nodes and faces in the model.
Solver will give error messages if this criteria is not satisfied. May not be practical for very complex assemblies.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Training Manual
in one cycle.
Default Timestep Safety Factor is 0.2 (strongly recommended)
Increasing to 0.5 (maximum value) may increase time step and reduce runtimes, but contacts may be missed.
Time step is computed using the maximum velocity of all contact nodes, but limited by the Limiting Timestep Velocity (default very large).
Use with care or contacts may be misses
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Training Manual
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Training Manual
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Training Manual
For Proximity Based Contact, the Pinball Factor is used for the tolerance factor
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Training Manual
A default Frictionless interaction is scoped to all bodies To improve the efficiency of simulations involving large number of bodies:
Suppress the default Frictionless interaction
Insert new Body Interaction objects which limit interactions to specific bodies.
The union of all Frictional / Frictionless body interactions defines the matrix of possible body interactions during the simulation.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Training Manual
A bonded body interaction of can be applied in addition to a frictional / frictionless body interaction
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Training Manual
Frictional
Friction Coefficient
A non-zero value will activate Coulomb type friction between bodies:
F = sR
Dynamic Coefficient, Decay Constant
Non-zero values will activate dynamic friction where the relative velocity (v) of sliding interfaces can influence frictional forces:
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Inventory #002665
Training Manual
All released nodes will subsequently be added to the sliding contact detection algorithm.
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Training Manual
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Training Manual
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Contact Regions
Used to define specific face to face contact interactions Contact and target faces are scoped to each manual contact region
For shell bodies, target shell face option is not respected for Explicit Dynamics. The nearest shell face is always selected
Training Manual
Types
Bonded Bonds can be breakable No Separation not supported for Explicit Dynamics Frictionless Rough not supported for Explicit Dynamics Frictional Static and dynamic friction options
Settings defined under Body Interactions are used for Body Interaction Object and Contact Region Object May reduce Solve times
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Spot Welds
Rigidly connect two discrete points to model welds, rivets, bolts e.t.c.
Points usually belong to two different surfaces Defined on the geometry (DesignModeler) Respected by Meshing Points are connected by a rigid beam element
Training Manual
Where fn and fs are normal and shear interface forces (normal force is only non-zero for tension), Sn and Ss are the Normal and Shear Force Limit, and n and s are the Normal and Shear Stress Exponent (For stress criteria an Effective Diameter is used to convert the stress limits to equivalent force limits)
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Spot welds
Connecting shell points have both translational and rotational degrees of freedom linked Points on solid bodies, have additional rigid beam elements automatically generated to enable transfer of rotations at the spot weld location Beam elements are automatically deleted if weld fails
Training Manual
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