Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GUIDED BY
Mrs. BeenaRani B B Lect. EI Dept.
PRESENTED BY
Anju J [ 8406 ] Arya M S [ 8412 ] Devika S [ 8420 ] Neethu Raj [ 8434 ]
DONE AT
The Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.Chavara, Kollam
INTRODUCTION
Boiler is a steam generating unit. AIM- Controlling water level in boiler drum. 3 control strategies :single element. two element and three-element control
BOILER
Slave plant or utility plant and it is maintained at negative pressure Used to generate steam for doing mechanical work, heating, producing vacuums, and augmenting chemical processes An important variable to measure and control in a continuous boiler is the level of water in the steam drum This vessels primary function is to provide a surface area and volume near the top of the boiler where separation of steam from water can occur
BOILER IN KMML
BOILER DRUM
STEAM
AIR
FD FAN
DAMPER
WIND BOX
OIL
BURNER
FLAME
OIL HEATER
BURNER
Operator adjustment of the set point. Compensation for the shrink and swell effects. Automatic control of drum level. Bump less transfer between auto and manual modes. Indication of drum level and steam flow. Indication of feed water valve position and feed water flow.
MEASUREMENT
PID
CV
SET POINT
Single-Element control is the simplest strategy Single element drum level control measures drum level only This is a simple feedback control loop Only one analogue input and one analogue output required Can only be applied to single boiler / single feed pump configurations with relatively stable loads since there is no relationship between drum
Possible inadequate control option because of the swell effect During startup of a boiler, it is effective to use single-element control in
which the feed water controller is bypassed and the drum level
controller directly controls the feed water control valve
LEVEL
INFLOW
PV
CV
15
The two element control scheme utilizes steam flow in addition to drum level
This is a simple feedback plus feed forward control system with a secondary variable that has a predictable relationship with the manipulated variable
The secondary variable, steam flow, causes the manipulated variable to change the primary variable
Tighter control of drum level than with only one element Steam flow acts as feed forward signal to allow faster level adjustments Can best be applied to single boiler / single feed pump configurations with a constant feed water pressure
DRUM LEVEL
SAT FLOW
SUP FLOW
WATER FLOW
LAG PV
ADD PV
Three element control utilizes steam and water flow in addition to drum level
This is a simple feedback, feed forward, and cascade control loop. The steam flow adjusts the feed water control valve based on the steam flow signal and the drum level controller signal
The three-element system provides tighter control for drum level with fluctuating steam load.
Ideal where a system suffers from fluctuating feed water pressure or flow
More sophisticated level of control required Additional input for feed water flow required
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
PERFORMANCE
Single element Two element Three element
Magnitude
Single-element Moderate
Rate
Slow Institutional and industrial heating plants Steady process conditions
Two-element
Moderate
Moderate Industrial plants with essentially continuous type processes and good feed water pressure regulation
Three-element
Wide
Fast
Combination of batch and continuous type operations such that plant steam load characteristics varies continuously and usually unpredictably. Most industrial power applications fall into this category.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Embedded Systems is a special purpose computer system/board, which encapsulates all the devices such as processor, memory, interface and
computation modules
FEATURES
Large programming capacity. More powerful control and calculation functions. Function selection mode (needs no programming). Expandable I/O. Nonvolatile memory for memory backup. Dual power supply.
FLOW CHART
START
X GAIN + BIAS
X GAIN + BIAS
X GAIN + BIAS
X GAIN + BIAS
NO
SUM - 50
NO
C = SET
FW_CV
END
PROGRAM
ST Y2; retransmission drum level to recorder A02 LD X3; feed water flow signal LD P10; gain * LD P11; bias + ST T2 ST P30; to display feed water flow in drum level controller face plate
ST T3 LD X2; super heated steam flow LD P3; 0.333 gain for ranging * ST T4 LD T3
+
ST T5 ST Y3; for pressure controlling flow feed forward signal AO3 ST P6; for display total steam flow in feed water controller face plate
* LD P5; 50 %( subtractor from drum level cont4roller output ST T6 ST FF1; feed forward signal modify drum level controller output by T6
LD SV2; six lines after this is for ascertaining the drum level controller output in T15
LD P6 -
ST T14 LD P5 + ST T15 LD DI1; 1=single element,0=three element LD P7; 100=single element, 0=three element OR ST PRDF; true= (single element), false= (three element) LD CAMF1; true when controller1 LIC in auto mode NOT GIFSUB @ abc; jump to subroutine 4 trading the PV by SV of LIC in manual mode
LD CAMF2
NOT GIFSUB @ def END; end of main program SUB@abc
RTN
SUB @ SIMPR; test program LD P21 ST X1 LD P22
CONCLUSION
Successfully controlled the boiler drum level using YS1700 programmable controller.