Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

An Approach to addressing injuries and illnesses at work

Global Burden of Occupational Injury and Disease/Year

Injuries
Fatal Non-Fatal 100,000 99,000,000 100,000,000

Diseases
700,000

Total
800,000

10,300,000 109,300,000 11,000,000 111,000,000

*From Leigh, et al., Epidemiology 10(5):626-31, September 1999

*Estimated Annual Incidence of Occ Injury & Disease Worldwide

# New Cases/year
Injuries Diseases Pesticide poisoning 109,000 100,688,000

Other poisoning
Cancer Mental disorders Pneumoconioses

122,000
191,000 318,000 453,000

Noise-induced hearing loss

Skin disorders Chronic respiratory disease Musculoskeletal disorders

1,628,000
1,895,000 2,631,000 3,337,000

Global Burden Non-fatal Occ Illness & Injury, WHO

SKIN NON-FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURY DUST/LUNG 12% 12% 1% 4% 1% 4% RESP TOX POISONING 66%
TRAUMATIC INJURY

PHYSICAL AGENTS

Primary Prevention
Identify and eliminate hazards Systems to protect workers health and safety Eliminate and reduce exposure

Secondary and Tertiary Prevention

first aid treatment emergency services

Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

Identification
recognition assessment

Control
eliminate manage personal protection

Prevention

Framework

Framework
Awareness Qualitative Assessment
Exposure Health

Hazard Judgment
Acceptable Unacceptable Uncertain

Interventions
Engineering Administrative

Quantitative Assessment
Exposure Health

Risk communication

Framework
Awareness of Exposure Hazard
Sentinel Event Observations
personal newspaper reports

Complaints Near misses

Framework
Qualitative Assessment
Exposure assessment
epidemiology reports historical data

Health assessment
toxicology surveillance reports historical data

Framework
Exposure Profile and Hazard Judgement Where do I begin?????
Acceptable
--Unacceptable --Uncertain

Framework
Hazard Judgement----uncertain
quantitative health assessment
medical surveillance health surveys

quantitative exposure assessment

personal monitoring workplace/environmental monitoring exposure surveys

Framework
Risk communication
principles of risk communication policy

Resources
Training Internet World Health Organization International Labour Organization Other Local Expertise scientists physicians nurses public health practitioners health educators Reference Materials journals ILO encyclopedia

Cost of injuries and illnesses to employers

Payment for work not performed Medical payments Reduction or interruption of services Administrative costs Replacing injured or ill worker Training new workers Poor public relations

Course Objectives
Recognize a sentinel event as a warning signal that preventive measures need to be taken

Conduct a basic incident investigation

List the occupational hazards in a complex manufacturing workplace List the adverse health outcomes from exposures in this workplace Interpret data from a follow-up investigation of this workplace.

Course Objectives
Develop a surveillance program that serves as an evaluation tool for health risks in tanneries Develop a questionnaire surveillance tool for monitoring hazards and adverse health outcomes in industry

Discuss issues related to worker surveillance

Present data in a form that can be understood by employees and policy makers, including employers and local/state enforcement agencies Apply information gathered from above activities to develop policy recommendations for the tannery industry

Skills
develop incident investigation questions create a report from incident investigation take a work history categorize hazards develop workplace exposure and health questions organize questions into a surveillance tool administer a survey communicate findings of a survey

Defining Terms
Hazardous Source Hazardous Agent Hazardous Effect Assessment Sentinel Tannery Complex Manufacturing Process