Beruflich Dokumente
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TOPIC 2
Concept of Teaching and Learning
Definition of Learning
The latest gains in the field of brain research cast a new light upon learning process, which impacts curriculum design, teacher preparation, and classroom practices.
Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 1999
Definition of Learning
Actively Involved - participates in instruction. Patterns & Connections - make meaning of learning situations. Learning is Informal - can be acquired anywhere & any time. Direct Experience - real context to alter preconceived notions. Compelling situation - more challenging and interesting Frequent Feedback - students get feedback from teachers or peers
MODELS OF LEARNING
SUBJECT TEACHING LEARNING GRADES
Linear Model
MODELS OF LEARNING
SUBJECT
TEACHING
OUTCOMES
LEARNING
CYCLE MODEL
MODELS OF LEARNING
NEEDED SKILL
PROCESS DESIGN
LEARNING
Definition of Learning
Compelling situation - more challenging and interesting Frequent Feedback - students get feedback from teachers or peers Enjoyable Settings - involves personal interactions. Reflections - reach the point of deeper learning
Types of Learning
Gagnes Principles
http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/tyna/gagne.html
Gagne,R. 1985. The conditions of learning(4th ed.) New York:Rinehart and Winston. Gagne, R., Briggs, L. & Wagner W. 1988. Principles of Instructional Design: New York:Rinehart and Winston.
Intellectual Skills
Discrimination -distinguish objects, features or symbols Concrete Concepts -identifying classes, objects, features or events Define Concepts -classifying new examples of events or ideas by their definition
Intellectual Skills
Rules -applying a single relationship to solve a class of problems
Higher Order Rules -applying a new combination of rules to solve complex problem
Cognitive Skills
Employing personal ways to guide learning, thinking, acting, and feelings
Example: Devising a plan to improve the condition of a classroom. How to beautify it?
Verbal Information
Stating previously learned materials such as facts, concepts, principles and procedures Example: Listing the 5 things that qualify a living thing.
Motor Skills
Executing performances involving the use muscles. Example: Jump like a frog
Attitude
Choosing personal actions based on internal states of understanding and feelings. Example: Sleep early to get enough rest so as to be able to concentrate while the teacher teaches.
Students summarise main points in graphic organizers and keep in portfolio Preparation for next tutorial: Students discuss and compare contrast different views of behaviorist theorists such as Watson, Pavlov dan Thorndike related to how organismisme or human learn. Suggest activities to assess the understanding of the topic among peers.
Thank You