First started at Nakagawa University, Japan in 2003.

Laboratory,

in

Keio

Standardization process is conducted within IEEE Wireless Personal Area Networks working group (802.15). In January 2010 a team of researchers from Siemens and Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications (Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin) demonstrated transmission at 500 MBit/s with a white LED over a distance of 5 meters (16 ft), and 100Mbit/s over longer distance using 5 LEDs. In December 2010 St. Cloud, Minnesota was the first to sign on for the new technology.

The visible light waves are the electromagnetic waves. The visible light waves produce by the accelerating charge particle. As the charge particle is accelerated, it produces electric and magnetic fields, which are changing in nature, and they produce electromagnetic waves. There is a wide range of electromagnetic waves out of which one part is called as visible light waves

 Visible Light Communications (VLC) is a data communications medium using visible light between 400 THz (780 nm; 1 THz = 1000 GHz) and 800 THz (375 nm) (visible light is not injurious to vision)
Visible light communication involves two-way communication using the medium of light. Photons,, carry an embedded signal, which is unseen.

Example:Electro magnetic spectrum. Infrared radiation. Earth observation satellite. Free space white LED.

Visibility : Aesthetically pleasing Security : What You See Is What You Send Unregulated : No regulation in optical frequency Health : Harmless for human body Non-interference with other devices

Typical indoor environment

White light LEDs typically use two methods to generate

white light. Red, Green and Blue devices are combined in a single package and white light is generated by mixing them in appropriate proportion.
This approach has the advantage of being able to tune

the color by altering the current to each device.

However, the additional complexity of packaging and

drive electronics has made this approach to providing general illumination less attractive.

2003 100

LED
2005

Cost / Brightness ratio

10

LED

2010 LED 1 Halogen Lamp Incandescent Lamp 0 50

Fluorescent Lamp
HID (High-Intensity Discharge) 100

2015 LED

150

Brightness / Power ratio

This model is a typical indoor environment with 4 LED arrays provide. A receiver is placed at a communication plane approximately 1m from the floor, and light from the arrays propagates to the receiver, providing a communications channel.

There is a line of sight (LOS) path between each LED and the receiver.
It diffuse path via the reflections from surfaces within the room.

RECEIVER

Input radiation Optical filter Optical system Photodetector

Amplifier

Output