Ppchap 3

Chapter 3 Soil Classification
Roy Simonson investigates a soil. (R. Weil)

THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Individual Soils
Pedon A hexagonal column of soil measuring from 1 to 10m2 in top surface area. A pedon is the basic sampling unit used in soil surveys. Polypedon An essential soil individual, comprising an identifiable series of soils in an area. It is made up of multiple pedons and has distinctive characteristics that differentiate it from surrounding polypedons. Series - A soil series is a class of soils and the basic units used to classify soils. Nearly 19,000 soil series in the US.
THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil
2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Figure 3.1
Soil Classification
Soil Taxonomy This formal term refers to the system of classification developed by the USDA Soil Survey. Based on soil properties as they are found today. Diagnostic Soil Horizons Reflects a distinctive property (color, texture, structure, consistence, porosity, moisture) or a dominant soil process. The presence or absence of wither of these diagnostic horizons usually distinguishes a soil for classification. Epipedon (literally over the soil) A diagnostic horizon at the surface where most of the rock structure has been destroyed. It may extend downward through the A horizon, even including all of an illuviated B-horizon.
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
World Distribution of Soil Orders
Figure 3.11
Map 3.5
Entisol
Figure 3.12
Entisols
Map 3.6
Inceptisol
Inceptisol
Map 3.7
Andisol
Figure 3.13
Andisol
Map 3.8
Gelisol
Map 3.9
Histosol
Figure 3.16
Map 3.10
Aridisol
Figure 3.17
(a)
(b)
Figure 3.18
Map 3.11
Figure 3.19
Figure 3.20
Figure 3.21
Map 3.12
Mollisol
Figure 3.22
Figure 3.23
(a)
(b)
Mollisol
Typic Argiustolls with a calcic horizon overlain by a Mollic epipedon

Map 3.13
Alfisol
Figure 3.24
Figure 3.25
Alfisol
Map 3.14
Ultisol
Figure 3.26
Ultisol
Typic Hapludult
Map 3.15
Spodosol
Figure 3.27
Spodosol
Humic Cryorthod
Map 3.16
Oxisol
Oxisol
Figure 3.30
Figure 3.31

Ppchap 3

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Ppchap 3

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Chapter 3 Soil Classification

Roy Simonson investigates a soil. (R. Weil)

World Distribution of Soil Orders

Typic Argiustolls with a calcic horizon overlain by a Mollic epipedon

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