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WHAT IS HIV??
Human Immunodeficiency Virus A unique type of virus (a retrovirus) Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of
Human T cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV-III) Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) AIDS associated retrovirus (ARV)
mechanism)
Patients predisposed to multiple opportunistic
AIDS (Definition)
Opportunistic infections and malignancies that
rarely occur in the absence of severe immunodeficiency (eg, Pneumocystis pneumonia, central nervous system lymphoma). Persons with positive HIV serology who have ever had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL or a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% are considered to have AIDS.
Outer envelope contains a lipid matrix within which specific viral glycoproteins are imbedded. These knob-like structures responsible for binding to target cell.
Unsterilized blades
Through Sex
Unprotected Intercourse
Oral Anal
Mother-to-Baby
Before Birth During Birth
Stage 1 - Primary
Short, flu-like illness
Stage 2 - Asymptomatic
Lasts for an average of ten years
levels
HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
Stage 3 - Symptomatic
appear.
CD4<500
Bacterial infections
Tuberculosis (TB) Herpes Simplex Herpes Zoster Vaginal candidiasis Hairy leukoplakia Kaposis sarcoma
Contd
CD4 <50 Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection Histoplasmosis CMV retinitis CNS lymphoma Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy HIV dementia
Anonymous Testing
No name is used Unique identifying number Results issued only to test recipient
23659874515
Anonymous
Best test for diagnosis of acute HIV infection Correlates with disease progression and response to HAART
Urine Testing
Urine Western Blot As sensitive as testing blood Safe way to screen for HIV Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV
Oral Testing
Orasure The only FDA approved HIV antibody. As accurate as blood testing Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. NOT A SALIVA TEST!
Treatment Options
INH for those with positive PPD and normal chest radiograph
RPR or VDRL for syphilis Toxoplasma IgG serology CMV IgG serology
Pneumococcal vaccine
Influenza vaccine in season Hepatitis B vaccine for those who are HBsAb-negative Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination Papanicolaou smears every 6 months for women
Abstinence
HIV/AIDS. Refraining from unprotected sex: oral, anal, or vaginal. Refraining from intravenous drug use
Monogamous Relationship
A mutually monogamous (only one sex
partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected
Protected Sex
Use condoms every time you have
sex Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) Always use a latex barrier during oral sex
awareness and in the care and support of persons living with HIV/AIDS. Also working on education and prevention interventions targeting sex workers, truck drivers, and other high-risk groups. But reaching less than 5 percent of the vulnerable population.
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