INTRODUCTION

In hydroelectric power station potential and kinetic energy of stored water is converted into electric energy . For hydro power station factors like rainfall,steam flow available head and storage facilities are studied. 25% of electricity generation capacity in world is provided by hydel power plant. In the countries like Norvey 99% electricity is produced by hydelpowerplant.

 4% of the total hydel energy potential in world is in India.

In India 25.32% of total electricity generation capacity is produced by hydel power plant.
As per rocords of March-2000 23,816 MW electricity was generated by hydel power plant. It is increasing day by day because of the institutes like National Hydro Power Corporation Limited(NHPCL).

PURPOSES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPROJECT

For For For For For For irrigation of agricultural land. navigation. fisheries and tourism. flood control. civil water supply. generation of electricity.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

Reservoir Dam Trace rack For bay Surge tank Penstock Spillway Turbine Powerhouse

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

 According to availability of water:a) Run of river plant without pondage b) Run-off river plant with pondage c) Storage plant d) Pump storage plant According to head :a) Low head plant b) Medium head plant c) High head plant According to load :a) Base load plant b) Peak load plant

 According to plant capacity:a) Microhydal plant (upto 5 MW ) b) Medium capacity plant ( 5-100 MW ) c) High capacity plant (100 MW ) d) super plant ( above 100 MW ) According to place of power house:a) Surface power house plant b) Under ground power house plant According to turbine specific speed:a) High specific speed plant b) Medium specific speed plant c) Low specific speed plant

WATER TURBINES USED IN HYDEL POWER PLANT

PELTON TURBINE
FRANCIS TURBINE
KAPLAN TURBINE

PELTON WHEEL

KAPLAN TURBINE

ADVANTAGES OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

This plant is free from pollution. Its operation and maintenance cost is less. It has no stand by losses. Unit cost of power is less. Hydraulic turbines can be started speedily. The plant has longer service life. No fuel is required. No change in efficiency with the age.

Disadvantages of hydel power plant

Initial cost of dam and plant is high. The availability of power from it is not much reliable. Loss of forest creates environmental problems. Due to evaporation , considerable water is lost. Time required for construction of hydroproject is more.

AUXILIARIES ATTACHED WITH HYDEL POWER PLANT.

(B)Mechanical (A)Electrical instruments instruments Shaft Generator coupling,journal bearings,thrust Exciter,transformer bearings s Lubricating oil Switch gears system Other instruments Cooling system of control room Brake system for generator-turbine shaft

Overview of sardar sarovar

PLACE:- On Narmada river, Kevadia( Narmada district ) 100 km away from Baroda. DAM:- Height-138.68m Length-1210 m concrete. Max.surface of river-140.21m RESERVOIR:-378 square kms, lingth:214km width: 16.1km

 TURBINE:(A) River head power house :-- 6 x 200 =1200 MW capacity -- Reservoir Turbine, made in Japan. (B) For canal head power house:-- 5 x 50 =250 MW capacity -- Kaplan turbines are used.

Water distribution in sardar sarovar

DISTRIBUTION STATE IN MILLION ACRE FOOT Madhyapradesh 18.25
Gujarat Maharashtra Rajsthan 9.00 0.25 0.50

Overview of Hydroelectric project ukai

PLACE :- On the river Tapi, near Ukai, Surat. DAM :- ~Lenth: 868.83 m concrete dam. ~Height: 68.58m ~4057.96m dam of soil. RESERVOIR :~120 km length and average 5 km width. ~capacity: 6.078 MAFT (million act fit)

 SPILLWAY: PENSTOCK:22mm TURBINE:-

~Length:1529m ~Width : 259m ~Depth :18.29m ~Diameter :7.01m ~Thickness : 18 to ~Length : 60 m ~Manufacturer: BHEL ~ Head : 47.8rated. ~Power :75 MW

Lets see few of the International Hydel Power Plant Dam

Arch Dam Monticello Dam impounds Putah Creek west of Sacramento, California. The solid concrete structure stands 93 m (304 ft) tall. The dams arched upstream face transfers some of the pressure from its reservoir, Lake Berryessa, onto the walls of the canyon.

Kariba Arch Dam The Kariba Dam lies along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The facility controls flooding and supplies hydroelectric power to both countries. A public road traces the rim of the dam, between reservoir Lake Kariba and the drop to the Zambezi River. The distinct arch shape distributes pressure evenly on the overall structure of the dam.

G and P Corrigan/Robert Harding Picture Library Hoover Dam The Hoover Dam is an arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River. Its reservoir, Lake Mead, lies between the states of Arizona and Nevada. As an arch-gravity dam, it depends on its shape and its own weight for stability.

Lake Mead Lake Mead, a vast artificial lake, straddles the border between Arizona and Nevada. The lake was formed by the construction of the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River. During wet periods, it stores excess water until it is needed. Lake Mead has also become a popular area for boating and other recreational activities.

Buttress dams fall into two basic categories: 1. Flat slab and 2. Multiple arch. Flat slab buttress dams have a flat upstream face. These dams are sometimes called Ambursen dams in recognition of Nils Ambursen, the Norwegian-born American engineer who popularized them in the early 20th century. An example of a flat slab buttress dam is the Stony Gorge Dam, which crosses Stony Creek near Orland, California.

It stands 42 m (139 ft) tall, stretches 264 m (868 ft) long, and contains 33,000 cubic meters (43,100 cubic yards) of concrete.

Flat Slab Buttress Dam Lake Tahoe Dam impounds the Truckee River in northern California. Like all flat slab buttress dams, it has a flat slab upstream face supported by a series of buttresses on the downstream side. Lake Tahoe Dam measures 5.5 m (18 ft) tall and 33 m (109 ft) long. It was completed in 1913 to raise the water level in Lake Tahoe, a natural lake, to provide additional water for crop irrigation.

Multiple arch buttress dams feature an upstream face formed by a series of arches.
The arches rest on top of buttresses that extend down to the foundation. Bartlett Dam, on the Verde River near Phoenix, Arizona, is a multiple arch dam. It stands 94 m (309 ft) high, stretches 244 m (800 ft) long, and contains nearly 140,000 cubic meters (182,000 cubic yards) of concrete.

Multiple Arch Dam Bartlett Dam impounds the Verde River northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. Like all multiple arch dams, Bartlett Dam makes use of a series of arches supported by buttresses to withstand the pressure of the water in its reservoir, Bartlett Lake. Each of the dams 10 concrete arches has a 7-m (24ft) radius and measures 2 m (7 ft) at the base and just 0.6 m (2 ft) at the crest. The thick base provides additional strength at the bottom of the reservoir, where the water pressure is most intense.

Concrete Gravity Dam Shasta Dam impounds the Sacramento River in northern California. Like all concrete gravity dams, Shasta Dam holds back the water in its reservoir, Shasta Lake, by the sheer force of its weight. Built of solid concrete, the massive structure rises 183 m (602 ft). It measures 165 m (542 ft) at the base and just 9 m (30 ft) at the crest. This shape, typical of concrete gravity dams, counteracts the force of the water pressing against the dam at the bottom of the reservoir, where the pressure is most intense.

Grand Dixence Dam With a height of 285 m (935 ft), the Grand Dixence Dam in the Swiss Alps is one of the tallest dams in the world. Waterpower generates the majority of Switzerlands domestic electricity and is the nations most important natural resource.

Ral Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, Venezuela Located on the Caron River in Venezuela,the Ral Leoni hydroelectric plant provides electricity for the entire country. The plant was built on the site of a village called Guri and is named for a Venezuelanpresident who served from 1964 to 1968.

Rank

Worlds Largest Dams By Power Generating Capacity Rated Capacity Name of Dam Location (Megawatts)

Year of Completed

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Itaipu
Guri Grand Coulee SayanoShushensk Krasnoyarsk La Grande 2 Churchill Falls Bratsk Ust-Ilim Tucurui

Brazil/ Paraguay Venezuela

United States Russia Russia Canada Canada Russia Russia Brazil

12,600
10,300 6,480 6,400 6,000 5,328 5,225 4,500 4,500 4,245

1984
1968 1942 1980 1968 1982 1971 1964 1974 1984

Worlds Largest Dams By Storage Capacity Storage Capacity Cubic Meters

Rank

Name of Dam

Country

Year of Completed

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Owen Falls
Kariba Bratsk Aswan High Akosombo Daniel Johnson Guri (RaulLeoni) Krasnoyarsk W.A.C. Bennett Zeya

Uganda
Zimbabwe /Zambia Russia Egypt Ghana Canada Venezuela Russia Canada Russia

204,800
180,600 169,270 168,900 148,000 141,852 136,000 73,300 70,309 68,400

1954
1959 1964 1970 1965 1968 1986 1967 1967 1978

Worlds Largest Dams By Height Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of Dam Rogun Nurek Grand Dixence Inguri Boruca Vaiont Chicoasen Manuel M. Torres Alvaro Obregon Mauvoisin Country Tajikistan Tajikistan Switzerland Georgia Costa Rica Italy Mexico Mexico Mexico Switzerland

Height (m)
335 300 285 272 267 262 261 261 260 250

Year of Completed
1989 1980 1961 1980 1990 1961 1980 1981 1946 1957