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Introduction
What is RF planning ?
The objective of RF planning is to build a cellular system that provides sufficient coverage and capacity, meets the quality requirements and allows for future system growth. All this must be accomplished using a limited number of network elements and radio frequencies.
Introduction
What are the major activities involved in the RFplanning process?
Introduction
STEP 1: TRAFFIC AND COVERAGE ANALYSIS (SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS) The cell planning process starts with traffic and coverage analysis. The analysis should produce information about the geographical area and the expected need of capacity. The types of data collected are: Cost Capacity Coverage Grade of Service (GoS) Bit Error Rate (BER) System growth capacity Bit Error Rate (BER) System growth capability
Available frequencies
Introduction
STEP 2: NOMINAL CELL PLAN Upon compilation of the data received from the traffic and coverage analysis, a nominal cell plan is produced. The nominal cell plan is a graphical representation of the network and simply looks like a cell pattern on a map.
However, a lot of work lies behind it .Nominal cell plans are t he first cell plans and form the basis for further planning. At this stage, coverage and interference predictions are usually started. Such planning needs computer-aided analysis tools for radio propagation studies.
Introduction
STEP 3: SURVEYS (AND RADIO MEASUREMENTS) Radio measurements are performed at the sites where the radio equipment will be placed. It is necessary to assess the real environment to determine whether it is a suitable site location when planning a cellular network, since even better predictions can be obtained by using field measurements of the signal strengths in the actual terrain where the mobile station will be located.
Introduction
STEP 4: (FINAL CELL PLAN) SYSTEM DESIGN Once we optimize and can trust the predictions generated by the planning tool, the dimensioning of the BTS equipment, BSC, and MSC is performed. The final cell plan is then produced. STEP 5: IMPLEMENTATION System installation, commissioning, and testing are performed following final cell planning and system design.
Introduction
STEP 6: NETWORK OPTIMIZATION After the system has been installed, it is continually evaluated to determine how well it meets the demand. This is called network Optimization. Optimization involves: Checking that the final cell plan was implemented successfully Evaluating customer complaints Checking that the network performance is acceptable Changing parameters and performing other measures (if needed)
Adding cells or adding radio channels to congested cells and/or reducing the number of radio channels in cells with lower traffic than expected
Coverage Planning Estimation The goal of coverage estimation is to obtain the quantity and configuration of the sites using link budget, and to fulfill the coverage requirements, such as coverage area, coverage rate, indoor coverage, cell load, and etc.
Where
C Variance Mean amplitude service capacity factor variance of mixed services mean of mixed services amplitude of service i
Cservice number of required channel of service i Virtual_erlang traffic of virtual services Virtual_channel Number of required virtual channel satisfying virtual traffics.
The propagation model describes the average signal propagation in certain environment. It often denotes the path loss as a function of distance of separation between a transmitter and receiver.
Cost231-Hata Propagation model formula:
Path loss = k1 + K2 log d + k3 (Hms) + k4 log Hms + k5 log Heff + k6 log Heff log d + k7*Diffn + C_loss
Where
d Distance from the base station to the mobile station (km). Hms Height of the mobile station above ground (m). Heff Effective base station antenna height (m). Diffn Diffraction loss calculated using Epstein, K1 Intercept k2 Slope k3 Mobile antenna height factor. Correction factor used to k4 k5 k6 k7 C_loss take into account the effective mobile antenna height. Okumura-Hata multiplying factor for Hms. Effective Antenna Height Gain. This is the multiplying factor for the log of the effective antenna height. This is the Okumura-Hata type multiplying factor for log(Heff)log(d) Multiplying factor for diffraction calculations Clutter specifications such that heights and separation are also taken into account in the calculation process
Proportion 100% 20% 0.025 0.002 100% 3000 13.60% 86.40% 16% 84% 40% 60%
GOS 2% 2% DL Throughput Per user [kbps] 0.102 0.17 0.136 Data Throughput Per User [kbps] 2.184 Allocated UL Load 0% 1
Penetration Rate 100% 20% Penetration Rate 100% 100% 100% Penetration Rate 100% Penetration Rate 100%
PS 64/64 PS 64/128
Proportion of Uplink PS throughput Proportion of downlink PS throughput R99 share of Downlink PS throughput per sub HSDPA+ share of Downlink PS throughput per sub R99 share of UL PS throughput per sub HSUPA share of UL Packet (PS) throughput per sub
PS 64/384
HSDPA+
And the average downlink throughput per sector will be around 44.5Mbps for S111 and 8-9Mbps for S222 based on ZTEs HSDPA+ commercial network experience. The average subscriber per site in DU is 1030 for S111 and 2060 for S222,
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