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Fierce competition for fresh water may well become a source of conflict and wars in the future. Kofi Annan, March 2001
trapped in glaciers and ice caps, held as soil moisture, or located in water tables too deep to access.
Thus, only about one percent of the worlds total freshwater supply
CAUVERY RIVER
growing number of users who require larger quantities with every passing year
with increased demand for water for endangered species, recreation, and scenic enjoyment
Pollution
Pollution
Almost 70% of its surface water resources A growing number of its groundwater reserves are already contaminated by biological, toxic organic and inorganic pollutants Unsafe for human consumption as well as for other activities such as irrigation and industrial needs. Kolleru wildlife sanctuary The case of khari river
Pollution
Conflicts on a truly micro scale within a village, a community or around a small tank
Monitoring
failure at Kanpur
Shapin
Pollution
India is the third largest dam builder country in the world. It now has over 3600 large dams and over 700 more under construction.
Displacement and resettlement of people is the least concern of large dam builders
Sardar
Haripad Tehri
Dam
TRANSBOUNDARY DISPUTE
Disputes over shared water resources have a long history Inter-state and inter-country dispute Access to water has been a source of dispute and contention
PRIVATISATION
Inviting private sector participation in dam and reservoir projects Opposition to the idea of `privatisation of water' Privatisation poses a threat to that commitment because once privatised, water will no longer be provided on the basis of need but on the ability to pay
LESSONS LEARNED:
Water crossing international boundaries can cause tensions between nations that share the basin. While the tension is not likely to lead to warfare, early coordination between riparian states can help ameliorate the issue. A gradual decrease in water quantity or quality, or both, is more likely than violent conflict. Over time, such water decreases can affect the internal stability of a nation or region, and act as an irritant among ethnic groups, water sectors, or states/provinces. The resulting instability may have effects in the international arena. The greatest threat of the global water crisis to human security comes from the fact that millions of people lack access to sufficient quantities of water of sufficient quality for their well-being.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. An institutional framework for joint management and dispute resolution
But the water problems of our world need not be only a cause of tension; they can also be a catalyst for cooperationIf we work together, a secure and sustainable water future can be ours. Kofi Annan, February 2002