HIV & AIDS Update: Your Sexual Health

Disease Transmission Prevention Testing

Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA HIV Education Coordinator Master of Public Health Program Idaho State University/Meridian

Information is vital

As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your life Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very important
None of this is meant to scare you remember, knowledge is very empowering You can also be an informed educator to others

Who can tell me what the letters HIV and AIDS each stand for?

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

OK, now what does each of these mean?

HIV can harm you because it attacks your bodys immune system

True or False

A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade your body This is called AIDS

True
AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm blood (a healthy person has about 800) and your body cannot fight off simple infections
Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used to

Origins of HIV

Likely resulted from hybridization (merging) of two simian (monkey) viruses

HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier

HIV and SIV

HIV-2

SIV-2

HIV-1
Sooty Mangabeys SIV-1

Chimpanzees

Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS

N. America 1.2 million
Western Europe 550,000 Eastern Europe 1 million

Caribbean 420,000

North Africa 500,000

Asia & Pacific 6.6 million

Latin America 1.5 million

Sub-Saharan Africa 28.5 million

Australia & New Zealand 15,000

Total: 40+ million

Data from UNAIDS

U.S. cases

OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S.

Most infections are found in people ages 13-29 years

HIV in Idaho Prevalence

(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed)
HIV AIDS

District District District District District District District * Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

62 33 68 265 54 69 45 596

75 38 81 223 61 51 40 569

1165
(As of June 30, 2009)

True or False
Most cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in older people ages 40-49 years

FALSE

41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages 20-29 years

and

15% of AIDS cases are in this age group

What is HIV

Life Cycle of HIV-1

Ways to transmit HIV

BODILY FLUIDS: Any type of unprotected sexual activity
Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions

Needle sharing and other works Needle sticks or exposure to blood Mother-child Blood transfusions (prior to testing in 1985)

OK,
Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you could prevent it?

Abstinence

(not engaging in sexual activity)

Dont assume everyone has the same definition of abstinence your partners past behaviors could put you at risk. Some couples get tested together (monogamy). Surf the internet only with your parents OK - use good judgment and dont put yourself at risk!

Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sexual activity, educate yourself in ways to prevent all forms of STIs and STDs (condoms: male and female) Avoid drugs and alcohol When the time comes in your life, get tested before you have a baby

True or False
If you knew someone who was HIV+,
you could get HIV from coming into contact with their sweat, urine or tears

False
The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: Blood Semen Vaginal fluid Breast milk
Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visible Dont be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV

HIV and AIDS Lesson 2

Disease symptoms Window period of the virus

Rapid testing

Question for candy

Who can be affected by HIV?

Answer
Anyone! If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipment

Any age, any gender, anyone

People close to them are also affected by this disease

Early HIV Infection

Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposure Most common presentation is
Fever, fatigue, headache, and rash

HIV Window Period

What is it? This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body after exposure

This can take up to 3 months

Who can tell me why this would even be important to know?

Its important because:

The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical care It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is known

How can someone get tested for HIV?

Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental permission (not saying you should do this, just providing

you with information very important to have a support system)

Conventional blood tests

(results in 10 days 2 weeks)

HIV antibody rapid tests

(results in 12-20 minutes)

lets check out how this works

Importance of HIV Diagnosis

Early Intervention services

Improved quality of life Avoid complications Healthcare maintenance

Prevent transmission
Chronic infection Transmission to others

HIV Services

HIV Services Clinic, Boise

Sky Blue, MD Director Established 1998 Ryan White Grantee

Counseling and confidential testing Comprehensive medical care Case management Adherence counseling Mental health Support groups Clinical trials

Summary: How does HIV spread?

Through sexual activity and injection drug use Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk

Be informed and educate others!