Physics Lab Presentation

Presented By
Vibhu Seth : 342/CO/10

Vidur Thakral : 343/CO/10

Vipin Dalal
Vipin Kumar

: 344/CO/10
: 345/CO/10

AIM
To determine the susceptibility arising due to water in the solution of manganese chloride(MnCl2).

Apparatus Required
An Electromagnet Power supply Travelling Microscope Gaussmeter with search coil U-tube Water Funnel Weight box Flask Weighing bottle Physical balance

Principle
When a solution of a paramagnetic salt( here MnCl2) is taken in a tube and is placed between the poles of a magnet ,there is a rise in the liquid level. A measurement of this rise enables to determine the susceptibility of the solution.

THEORY
The magnetic field between the wedge shaped pole pieces varies rapidly along the vertical direction. Thus the force on the solution is vertical . The force on a substance of volume V situated in a non- uniform magnetic field in a place where the field strength is H is given by F=1/2(k-k0) dH2/da* V where k is the magnetic susceptibilty of the substance. k0 is the magnetic susceptibility of the surrounding medium

Generally surrounding medium being air, k0 =0 thus the above relation becomes
F= (k)dH2/dx* V

Consider the experimental set up and let the position of the solution in funnel be D and that in the tube be A. On applying certain field the level of the solution shifts from D to C and corresponding from A to B.
The change in the level( A to B) of the solution is say, h . Areas of cross section are a , a. The change in the level ( D to C) be d. Therefore ad=ah

 This is the height of the liquid column supported by the forces arising from the magnetic field. If p is the density of the solution and g is the acceleration due to gravity, then the weight of this column is (1+a/a)hpga . Let O be a section where the field is negligible. Let x be the vertical coordinate of O and thus, the force on a liquid element of volume adx above the point O is given by dF= kdH2/dx*(adx)

The force on the entire liquid above the point O is F=1/2 Ka H12 H1 is field intensity at upper level . It is this force which supports the weight of the column obtained above. Thus, 1/2 kaH12=(1+a/a)hpga If a<<a , then the ration may be ignored, k=2pah/H12 emu/cm2 This is the mass susceptibilty of the solution. The volume susceptibility would be Xs= k/p = 2gh/H12 emu/gm.

Procedure
Clean the U-tube with warm chromic acid. Fill it with the solution of MnCl2.4H2O ( of prepared concentration). The narrow of the U-tube is placed between the pole pieces of the electromagnet. The level of the meniscus is taken down. The current( magnetizing) is noted by means of the ammeter ( attached to the power supply). The current is increased and the level of meniscus is found to alter. Note the various levels for corresponding magnetizing currents.

Observations

Calculations

Result
The volume susceptibilty at room temperature = The mass susceptibility at room temperature= The plot of h ( y axis) and H12 ( x axis) is a straight line.