BIOSENSORS

-Blood Glucose Meter

What is a Biosensor?
A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector

Biosensors are analytical tools for the analysis of biomaterial samples to gain an understanding of their bio-composition, structure and function by converting a biological response into an electrical signal

Biosensor-Working
The sensitive biological element :a biologically derived material that interacts the analyte under study. The transducer or the detector element that transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal that can be more easily measured and quantified.

Biosensor reader device with the associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way.

BIOSENSOR COMPONENTS
a)Biocatalyst
b)Transducer c)Amplifier

d)Processed output
e)Display

Types of Biosensorsbased on bio transducer type

Biosensor

Electrochemical

Piezoelectric

Gravimetric

optical

Electrical

Blood Glucose meter

Blood glucose monitoring is a way of testing the concentration of glucose in the blood (glycemia). Particularly important in the care of diabetes mellitus, a blood glucose test is performed by piercing the skin (typically, on the finger) to draw blood, then applying the blood to a chemically active disposable 'test-strip'.

Blood Glucose meter

Glucose meters employ the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone catalyzed by glucose oxidase Measured using electrochemical method Blood enters by capillary action. Glucose in blood interacts with electrode.

Parallel Plate Reagents Blood Sample Electrode Enzyme is reoxidized using a mediator ion like Ferrocyanide ion. The mediator in turn is reoxidized by reaction at the electrode, which generates an electrical current

Innovations made-iBigstar
As the i in iBGStar suggests, the glucose monitor is specifically made for the Apple iPhone or iPod touch.

iBGStar is the first device that has been cleared by the FDA for use on an Apple device, and it is currently available in some European countries.
The new monitor uses a novel patented technology called dynamic electrochemistry.

Innovations made-Eye Sense

Eye Sense is a noninvasive technology currently in development that measures blood glucose concentrations simply by placement of the measurement device near the eye. Uses a biochemical sensor that is inserted below the conjunctiva in a simple and painless procedure The chemical in the disk reacts with blood glucose in the interstitial fluid below the conjunctiva of the eye and emits fluorescent light that is quantified by the photometer device. The photo-meter can be placed in front of the eye to obtain the blood glucose results in less than 20 seconds

Innovations that could be made in near future

Research is being done on noninvasive methods for measuring blood glucose, such as using infrared or nearinfrared light, electric currents, and ultrasound. Ex eye sense Continuous glucose sensors . Alternate site testing: the use of blood drops from places other than the finger, usually the palm or forearm. No coding systems Multi test systems Downloadable meters

Basic Characteristics of Biosensor

1. LINEARITY Linearity of the sensor should be high for the detection of high substrate concentration. Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration Chemicals Interference must be minimized for obtaining the correct result. Time necessary for having 95% of the response.

2. SENSITIVITY 3. SELECTIVITY 4.RESPONSE TIME

Advantages /Disadvantages

Applications of Biosensors
Food Analysis Drug Detection Crime detection Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use) Environmental field monitoring Industrial Process Control Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs

Application of Biosensors
Biosensors play a role in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs such as an artificial pancreas for diabetics. In the field of medicine, tumor cells are used as a biosensor to monitor chemotherapeutic drug susceptibilities. Biosensors in process control will be able to measure materials in the process flow of temperature, pressure and the acidity readings Conclusively, biosensors play a part in the field of medicine, environmental quality, and industry mainly by identifying material and the degree of concentration present.

Questions?