Thesis Proposal

Reactive Power Market Clearing Scheme

By: Ting Zhang
Supervisor: Dr. B. Venkatesh
23 November 2006
Outline
Introduction

Objective

Problem Statement

Progress to date
Introduction
Reactive power supply plays an important role in the power
system.
In former deregulated power system: supply of real and reactive
power was charged in a composite fashion.
After deregulation of power systems, supply of real power and
ancillary services such as reactive power support have to be
unbundled & priced independently.
Composite
Power
Supply
Real Power Supply
Ancillary Services
including reactive power
supply
Reactive power market is established to trade reactive
power. In this market, there are vendors and customers.







Fig. 2 A schematic representation of a reactive power market

Introduction
Generation
Systems
Transmission
System
Distribution
Systems
Introduction

Elements of the power system that have to be
financially compensated for their participation in the
reactive market :
*Generators
*Shunt reactive elements
*Transformers


Objective

The main objective of reactive power market clearing
scheme in the deregulated power system is to
minimize the total cost of reactive power supply
while benefiting from transmission loss minimization
and maintaining an acceptable voltage profile.
Objective
Cost from Generator:






P
Q
Leading Lagging
If
2
Rf
Ia
2
Ra
Opportunity
Costs

Fig. 3 Reactive power cost components
Opportunity
Costs
A
B
C
Objective
Aggregating these costs, a total cost curve for reactive
power output of a synchronous generator is shown in
Fig. 4 :
Constraints that should be
satisfied:










Fig.4 The i
th
generator reactive power cost curve
1 UG
k
ik
=

QA QB QC
QG
Leading Lagging
QGC
UG
i1

UG
i2

UG
i3
UG
i4

(

s s
(

k
ik ik i
k
ik ik
QG * UG QG QG * UG
Objective
The cost of reactive power generation can be
expressed as below:







( )

=
+
NG
1 i k
ik ik ik i ik
UG * KGo UG * QG * KG
Objective
Cost from Compensators:
Cost of reactive power output from controllable
VAR sources can be expressed in general as:







Fig.5 VAR source reactive power cost curve


( )

=
+
NS
1 i
i i i i
US * KSo KS * QS
QSi
QSCi
KSi
KSoi
Objective
Cost from transformers :
Cost of shifting taps of transformers can be expressed
in general as:

=
NTR
1 i
i i
UT * KTo
Problem Statement
The non-linear mixed integer formulation can be
stated as below:
OBJ =

+

+

+ KL*PL(X , Y, o)
( )

=
+
NG
1 i k
ik ik ik i ik
UG * KGo UG * QG * KG
( )

=
+
NS
1 i
i i i i
US * KSo KS * QS

=
NTR
1 i
i i
UT * KTo
Problem Statement

Subject to:
Control Vector Constraints
Dependent Vector Constraints
Power Flow Constraints
Progress to date

Formulate the mathematical model of a Mixed Integer
LP (MILP) of reactive power optimization in
deregulated system.

Coding of MILP using MATLAB.

Thank you!