Understanding the Oracle Data Guard Architecture

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Describe the Data Guard architecture Explain the operational requirements of Data Guard Describe how Data Guard processes, transports, and applies redo logs Describe standby database modes

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Data Guard Operational Requirements: Hardware and Operating System

The hardware can be different for the primary and standby databases. The operating system and platform architecture for the primary and standby databases must be the same. The operating system releases for the primary and standby databases can be different. If all databases are on the same system, verify that the OS allows you to mount more than one database with the same name.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Data Guard Operational Requirements: Oracle Database Software

Same release of Oracle Database Enterprise Edition must be installed for all databases. SYSDBA privileges are required for the accounts used to manage the database instances. Each database must have its own control file. Primary database must operate in ARCHIVELOG mode. Enable FORCE LOGGING on the primary database before taking data file backups for standby creation. If any databases use ASM and/or OMF, all should use the same combination.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle Data Guard: Architecture

Primary database transactions LGWR LNSn MRP or LSP (MRP only) RFS Standby database

Online redo logs FAL

Oracle net

(Real-time apply) Standby redo logs Reports ARC0 Backup

ARC0

Archived redo logs

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Archived redo logs

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Primary Database Flow

Primary database transactions LGWR LNSn MRP or LSP (MRP only) RFS Standby database

Online redo logs FAL

Oracle net

(Real-time apply) Standby redo logs Reports ARC0 Backup

ARC0

Archived redo logs

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Archived redo logs

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Standby Database Flow

Primary database transactions LGWR LNSn MRP or LSP (MRP only) RFS Standby database

Online redo logs FAL

Oracle net

(Real-time apply) Standby redo logs Reports ARC0 Backup

ARC0

Archived redo logs

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Archived redo logs

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Standby Redo Logs

Redo from primary database

Standby redo logs

Archived redo logs

RFS MRP/LSP

ARC0

Standby database

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Physical Standby Database: Redo Apply Architecture

Production database Physical standby database

Redo transport

Redo apply

Redo stream

Backup Primary database

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Physical standby database

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Logical Standby Database: SQL Apply Architecture

Production database Redo transport SQL Apply Logical standby database

Transform redo information into SQL

Reports Primary database

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Logical standby database

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SQL Apply Process: Architecture

LCR LCR : Shared pool Logical change records not grouped into transactions

Reader

Preparer

Builder

Redo records

Redo data from primary database

Log Mining Apply processing Applier

Transaction groups

Coordinator

Analyzer

Data files

Transactions to be applied

Transactions sorted in dependency order

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Real-Time Apply
RFS

Primary database

MRP or LSP Standby redo log files ARC0

Archived redo log files

Standby database

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Setting the DB_UNIQUE_NAME Parameter

San Francisco

SF1_DB

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = SF1_DB

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Specifying Role-Based Destinations

Primary database

Standby database

Not used

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= location= "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg2/arc", valid_for=(STANDBY_LOGFILE,STANDBY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME = HRDB2

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Combinations for VALID_FOR

Combination
ONLINE_LOGFILE, PRIMARY_ROLE

Primary Physical Logical

Valid Ignored Valid Ignored Ignored Ignored Ignored Valid Ignored Valid Valid Valid

ONLINE_LOGFILE, STANDBY_ROLE
ONLINE_LOGFILE, ALL_ROLES STANDBY_LOGFILE,STANDBY_ROLE STANDBY_LOGFILE, ALL_ROLES ALL_LOGFILES, PRIMARY_ROLE ALL_LOGFILES, STANDBY_ROLE ALL_LOGFILES, ALL_ROLES

Ignored
Valid Ignored Valid

Valid
Ignored Valid Valid

Valid
Ignored Valid Valid

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Identifying Destination Settings

SQL> SELECT DEST_ID,VALID_TYPE,VALID_ROLE,VALID_NOW 2 FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST; DEST_ID VALID_TYPE VALID_ROLE VALID_NOW ------- --------------- ------------ -------------1 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES YES 2 STANDBY_LOGFILE STANDBY_ROLE WRONG VALID_TYPE 3 ONLINE_LOGFILE STANDBY_ROLE WRONG VALID_ROLE 4 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 5 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 6 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 7 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 8 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 9 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 10 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES UNKNOWN 11 ALL_LOGFILES ALL_ROLES YES 11 rows selected.
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Standby Redo Log Configuration

Online redo logs

Redo shipment

Standby redo logs

RFS
Primary database Standby database

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Using SQL to Add Standby Redo Logs

Use the ALTER DATABASE statement to create the standby redo log files:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 2 ('/oracle/oradata/orcl/log1c.rdo', 3 '/oracle/oradata/orcl/log2c.rdo') SIZE 500K;

Add members to a group with the following statement:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE MEMBER 2 '/oracle/oradata/orcl/log2b.rdo' TO GROUP 2;

View information about the groups as follows:

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$standby_log; SQL> SELECT * FROM v$logfile 2 WHERE type = 'STANDBY';
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Using Enterprise Manager to Add Standby Redo Logs

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Standby Database Modes

You can maintain the standby data in one of the following modes: For physical standby databases
Redo Apply Open read-only mode

For logical standby databases

Open read/write mode

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to describe the following: Data Guard architecture processes Operational requirements of a Data Guard environment How Data Guard processes, transports, and applies redo logs Modes of standby databases and when to use each mode

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Practice 2-1: Architecture Review

This practice covers the following topics: Reviewing the Oracle Data Guard architecture Reviewing the processes that Data Guard uses to transport and apply redo logs Reviewing the modes that are used to recover a primary database

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Practice 2-2: Installing the Oracle Management Agent

This practice covers the following topics: Installing the Oracle Management Agent Configuring monitoring credentials for your database

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Practice 2-3: Configuring Your Primary Database

This practice covers the following topics: Reviewing your primary database configuration Configuring your primary database in preparation for creating a Data Guard configuration

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.