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SPECIALISED CELLS : PLANT TISSUE

PERMANENT TISSUE : VASCULAR TISSUE

TRACHEIDS

XYLEM PARENCHYMA

XYLEM
XYLEM FIBRES

XYLEM VESSEL

TRACHEIDS
Found in the xylem of ferns and conifers In xylem of angiosperm contain more xylem vessel and less tracheid Shape generally longer but more narrow than vessel element The end of tracheid overlap with each other, forming a long tube which can facilitate the movement of water. The end walls of tracheid have many bordered pits allow water pass through Tracheids are dead cells when mature becouse the walls are thickened with lignin
Elongated spindle-shape single cells with tapering end walls.

PIT
Pit are present in the walls to allow water move from one tracheid to another and also to the surrounding living cell PIT PAIRS pits in the wall of cell oppose the pits in the adjacent cell wall Pit pairs are separated by PIT MEMBRANE
Made up of primary cell wall and middle lamella Permeable to water

XYLEM VESSEL

Found in flowering plant Water travel Formed from a column of tubular cell The end cross-walls breakdown so that the cell (xylem element) combine to form a continuous long tube The walls of these tube become strengthened by the deposition of lignin.
Lignin wall- impermeable to water,solutes,&gases

TWO TYPE OF XYLEM TISSUE

Primary xylem

Secondary xylem

Formed first during the growth of a plant

Comprises protoxylem and metaxylem

Formed when secondary thickening occur as a result of vascular cambium division

Only occur in woody plants

Secondary xylem

Stiff and cannot be flexed When the rate of elongation is high, the plant stem is most flexible and spiral or annular thickening occur If there is not much elongation, scalariform, reticulate and pitted thickening occur.

Xylem Parenchyma
Living cell. Act as packaging tissue in the primary xylem Secondary xylem the paranchyma cell form radial medullary rays which function in radial transport food,wate,gases and food storage.

Xylem Fibres

The fibres shorter and narrower than tracheids Thicker wall but have pits similar to those in tracheids The fibres have Overlapping end walls Strong and provide additional mechanical strength to the xylem

Function xylem
Transport water and mineral from the roots to the aerial part of the plant Give mechanical support to the plants. Provide an ideal system to transport water over long distance

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