WALTER GROPIUS

SUBMITTED : V I B H O R YA D AV 2 ND Y E AR S E C A , 21

Walter Adolph Georg Gropius

BORN-May 18, 1883 Berlin, Germany DIED-July 5, 1969 (aged 86) Cambridge, Massachusetts

WORK
PRACTICE-Peter Behrens (19081910), The Architects'
Collaborative(19451969)

BUILDING-Fagus Factory,Werkbund Exhibition

(1914),Bauhaus,Gropius House,University of,Baghdad,J.F. Kennedy Federal Building,Pan Am Building

ABOUT HIM
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture. Gropius married Alma Mahler (18791964), Walter Gropius, like his father and his great-uncle Martin Gropius before him, became an architect. In 1908 Gropius found employment with the firm of Peter Behrens, one of the first members of the utilitarian school. His fellow employees at this time included Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Dietrich Marcks. 1908 Walter Gropius was invited to head the school for the applied arts Henry van de Velde founded in Weimar.
The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. It was founded with the idea of creating a 'total' work of art in which all arts, including architecture would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design. The Bauhaus had a profound influence

PHILOSOPHY
Gropius's educational philosophy encompassed the designing of all functional objects. His goal was to raise the level of product design by combining art and industry Gropius formulated a manifesto for the Bauhaus which started "The final goal of all artistic activity is architecture."

He want to create buildings as clear , organic bodies, naked and radiant by virtue of their own inherent laws free of falsehood and extravagancies, building that affirm a positive attitude toward our world of mechanics , cables and high speed transportation that disclose their sense and purpose of their own accord and through the tension created between the individual segment of their building mass while rejecting every thing superfluous that might abscure the absolute form of the architecture.

BAUHAUS
The paradox of the early Bauhaus was that, although its manifesto proclaimed that the ultimate aim of all creative activity was building, the school did not offer classes in architecture until 1927 The Bauhaus had a major impact on art and architecture trends in Western Europe, the United States, Canada and Israel in the decades following its demise, as many of the artists involved fled, or were exiled, by the Nazi regime In the next two years under Meyer, the architectural focus shifted away from aesthetics and towards functionality. There were major commissions: one from the city of Dessau for five tightly designed "Laubenganghuser" (apartment buildings with balcony access), which are still in use today, and another for the headquarters of the Federal School of the German Trade Unions (ADGB) in Bernau bei Berlin. Meyer's approach was to research users' needs and scientifically develop the design solution.

BAUHAUS BUILDING
Architect -Walter Gropius Location- Dessau, Germany map Date- 1919 to 1925 Building Type-Art and architecture school Construction System - glass Climate-temperate Context- urban Style- Modern exemplar Notes-Transparent walls, asymmetrical massing

BAUHAUS BUILDING
"It consists of three connected wings or
bridges...School and workshop are connected through a two-story bridge, which spans the approach road from Dessau. The administration was located on the lower level of the bridge, and on the upper level was the private office of the two architects, Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, which could be compared to the ship captain's 'command bridge' due to its location. The dormitories and the school building are connected through a wing where the assembly hall and the dining room are located, with a stage between. . The technical construction of the building... is demonstrated by the latest technological development of the time: a skeleton of reinforced concrete with brickwork, mushroom-shaped ceilings on the lower level, and roofs covered with asphalt tile that can be walked

BAUHAUS BUILDING
Instead of making the walls the element of support, as in a brick-built house, our new space-saving construction transfers the whole load of the structure to a steel or concrete framework. the role of the walls becomes restricted to that of mere screens stretched between the upright columns of this framework to keep out rain, cold, and noise. logical that the old type of windowa hole that had to be hollowed out of the full thickness of a supporting wallshould be giving place more and more to the continuous horizontal casement, subdivided by thin steel mullions, characteristic of the New

FAGUS FACTORY
Architect - Walter Gropius Location -Alfeld an der Leine, Germany Date -1911 to 1913 Building Type- factory Construction System- steel, brick masonry, glass Climate-temperate Context-urban Style-Early Modern

FAGUS FACTORY
The Fagus building is a 40-centimeter high, dark brick base that projects from the facade by 4 centimeter. The entrance with the clock is part of the 1913 expansion. The interiors of the building, which contained mainly offices, were finished in the mid 20s. The other two big buildings on the site are the production hall and the warehouse. Both were constructed in 1911 and expanded in 1913. The production hall is a one-storey building. It was almost invisible from the railway (north) elevation and acquired a proper facade after the expansion. The warehouse is a four-storey building with few openings. The design of the building was oriented to the railroad side. Benscheidt considered that the point of view of the passengers

FAGUS FACTORY
All of the buildings on the site give a common image and appear as a unified whole. The first one is the use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible (most of the time without any) structural support. The other unifying element is the use of brick. All buildings have a base of about 40 cm of black brick and the rest is built of yellow bricks. The combined effect is a feeling of lightness or as Gropius called it etherealization. In order to enhance this feeling of lightness, Gropius and Meyer used a series of optical refinements like greater horizontal than vertical elements on the windows, longer windows on the corners and taller windows on the last floor. According to the historian of architecture Annemarie Jaeggi these thoughts were important in the design of Fagus: The animated fluctuation in height, the change between horizontal structure and vertical rhythms, heavy closed volumes and light dissolved fabrics, are indicators of an approach that deliberately utilized contrasts while arriving at a harmony of opposites in a manner best

GROPIUS HOUSE
Architect -Walter Gropius Location- Lincoln, Massachusetts map Date- 1937 timeline Building Type-architect's house Construction System- wood frame, vertical wood siding Climate- temperate Context- semi-rural Style- Modern

GROPIUS HOUSE
The house which in this sense can be in the tradition of classic white modernism is cubic two stories tall and has a flat roof . It is based on a wood frame construction typical of the region and clad in redwood board. Terraces and large windows ensure the close connection between interior and exterior space. On the ground floor there are dinning room and living room which open up into each other as well as an office which is partition off by a wall of glass bricks. On the upper floor there are bedrooms as well as partially covered terrace , from a spiral staircase leads down into garden . The illumination and shading of the rooms as well as the various outdoor spaces were planned with great consideration to detail. .The structure of the house consists of the traditional light wood frame of New England, sheathed with white painted clapboard siding: only in this case the siding runs vertically instead of horizontally. Rough fieldstone

GROPIUS HOUSE

The blending of the genius loci with my modern concept of architecture allowed me to create a house that I never would have built under the completely different climatic , technical and psychological condition in Europe Gropius comments

EMPLOYMENT OFFICE
Architect -Walter Gropius Location- August bebel- platz , Dessau Date- 1927 - 1929 Building Type-office Construction System-steel structure cladded with yellowish brown brick Climate- temperate Context- semi-rural Style- Modern

EMPLOYMENT OFFICE
He planned two parts defined by their functions and designed a long, two-storey administration block and a protruding one-storey circular building with a glazed shed roof for the public. A traditional cubicle-based office structure would not cope with the large number of visitors. This meant choosing a ground plan that would permit the public to be channelled, thereby allowing the job-seeking process to proceed smoothly. Separated according to sex and profession, there were five entrances for the job-seeking men and women, behind each of which lay sectors organised along similar lines.

EMPLOYMENT OFFICE
Although the faade of the circular building was without windows, its interior gave cause for wonder thanks to the shed roof, which allowed light to flood into the building from above. The interior walls in the upper part of the building are made of glass, so that light can flood right through the building Faced with yellow tiles, the steel skeleton is, due to its unusual ground plan, a highly interesting example of functional architecture.

John F. Kennedy Federal Building

Architect -Walter Gropius Location-Boston, Massachusetts Date-1963-1966 Building Type-office Construction System- Steel, Reinforced Concrete, and Glass Climate- temperate Context-urban Style- Modern

John F. Kennedy Federal Building

It consists of twin 26-story high-rise towers, which sit on axis to each other, and a low, 4-story building. This combination of tall towers paired with low buildings is a common Modern form. The exterior of the towers is constructed of pre-cast reinforced concrete. The lower sections are faced with polished granite. All aluminum work has a dark anodized finish in a medium gray tone, which the architects designed to contrast with the white concrete facade. Overall, the exterior lacks ornamentation, instead displaying a stark functionality. Bands of windows wrap around the towers; corner windows have rounded edges. The bases of the towers have arcades with entrances set back beneath a covered area supported by piers. The tops of the towers are distinguished by

John F. Kennedy Federal Building

A glass-enclosed walkway connects the four-story building to the towers. Like the towers, the low building's facade is made of concrete and glass. Vertical slabs form piers that interrupt the horizontality of the building and create the off-centersecond entrance, which is a A protruding story creates articulated by a cantilevered porch. covered pathway to shelter visitors.