Matemticas III

Matemticas III
Profesor: Sr. Sergio Calvo U
Alumno:Sr. Hernn Rojas R.

El proceso para determinar una funcin cuando se conoce su
derivada se llama INTEGRACION, y la funcin a
determinar se denomina ANTIDERIVADA o INTEGRAL
de la funcin dada.
c x y
xdx dy
dx x dy
x
dx
dy
+ =
=
=
=
} }
}
2
2
/ 2
2
De aqu se desprende que siempre se
agrega una CONSTANTE C
Frmula de la Potencia
Nos indica como integrar cualquier potencia de X con
excepcin de la recproca de X
}
= +
+
=
+
) 1 (
1
1
n c
n
x
dx x
n
n
Encontrar:
}
= dx x
4
c x +
5
5
1
}
=

dx x
2
1
c x +
2
1
2
}
= dx
x
1
c x Ln +
}
= dt t
3
4
}
= dt t
3
1
) ( 4
c t +
3
4
) ( 3
Teorema 1
La integral del producto de una constante de una
funcin de x es igual a la constante por la integral
de la funcin. Esto es, si c es una constante
} }
= dx x f c dx x f c ) ( ) (
Encontrar:
}
= dx x
2
3
}
= dx x
2
3 c x c
x
+ = +
3
3
3
* 3
}
= dx e
x
2 c e dx e
x x
+ =
}
2 2
}
= dx 5 c x dx + =
}
5 1 5
}
= + dx x
3 2
) 3 (
}
= + + + dx x x x ) 27 27 9 (
2 4 6
} } } }
= + + + dx dx x dx x dx x 27 27 9
2 4 6
} } } }
= + + + dx dx x dx x dx x 27 27 9
2 4 6
c x
x x x
+ + + + = 27
3
27
5
9
7
3 5 7
}
= + dx x x
3 2
) 3 (
x
du
dx xdx du
x u
2
2
3
2
= =
+ =
Siempre que se efecte un
cambio de variable, la nueva
I ntegral debe depender slo de
la variable auxiliar.
= + =
} }
c
u
du u
x
du
u x
4
*
2
1
2
1
2
) (
4
3 3
c
x
+
+
=
8
) 3 (
4 2
dx x x
}
+5 2
2
x
du
dx xdx du
x u
4
4
5 2
2
= =
+ =
= =
} }
du u
x
du
xu
2
1
2
1
4
1
4
= + = + c
u
c
u
6
2
3
*
4
1
2 / 3
2
3
c
x
+
+
=
6
) 5 2 (
2 / 3 2
}
=
+
+
dx
x x
x
5 2
) 7 3 2 (
3 4
3 4
) 3 4 (
7 3 2
2
+
= + =
+ =
x
du
dx dx x du
x x u
= +

= = =
+
+

} } }
c
u
du u
u
du
x
du
u
x
4 3 4
*
3 4
4
5
5 5
c
x x
+
+

=
4 2
) 7 3 2 ( 4
1
}
=
+ +
+
dx
x x x
x x
) 8 2 3 (
2 6 3
2 3
2
2 6 3
) 2 6 3 (
8 2 3
2
2
2 3
+
=
+ =
+ + =
x x
du
dx
dx x x du
x x x u
}
=
+
+
2 6 3
*
2 6 3
2
2
x x
du
u
x x
c x x x Ln c u Ln
u
du
+ + + = + =
}
8 2 3
2 3
}
=
+ +
+
dx
x x
x
) 1 sen(
1 2
2
1 2
1 2
1
2
+
=
+ =
+ + =
x
du
dx
dx x du
x x u
} } }
= =
+
+
du u
u sen
du
x
du
u sen
x
csc
1 2
*
1 2
c x x ctg x x c u ctg u du u + + + + + = + =
}
) 1 ( ) 1 ( csc ln csc ln csc
2 2
}
=
|
.
|

\
|
dx
x
x
2
3
}
=
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
dx
x
x
x
x
3 3
}
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ dx
x x
x
x
x
x
2
2
9 3 3
}
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ dx
x x
x
x
2
2
9 6
}
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ dx
x
x
2
2
9
6
( )
}
= +

dx x x
2 2
9 6
dx x dx dx x
} } }

+
2 2
9 1 6
=

+ =

1
* 9 6
3
1 3
x
x
x
c
x
x
x
+ =
9
6
3
3
( )
}
= dx x a
2
( )( )
}
= dx x a x a
( )
}
= + dx x ax ax a
2 / 1 2 / 1
) ( ) (
}
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ dx x ax a
2
1
) ( 2
} } }
= + xdx dx x a dx a
2
1
2 / 1
2
2 3
4
2
2 / 3 2 / 1
x
x a ax +
c
x x a
ax + + =
2 3
4
2
2
3
2 / 1
c
x ax
ax + + =
2 3
4
2 3
}
+
+
=
+
c
n
x
dx x
n
n
1
1
}
+ = c kx dx k
Frmulas de Integrales.
}
+ = c
x
dx x
2
2
}
+ = c x
x
dx
ln
}
+ = c x dx x sen cos
}
+ = c x sen dx x cos
}
+ = c x dx tgx sec ln
}
+ = c senx dx ctgx ln
}
+ + = c x x tg dx x sec ln sec
}
+ = c x ctg x dx x csc ln csc
}
+ =
+
c x
x
dx
arctg
1
2
c e dx e
x x
+ =
}
c
a
e
dx e dx a
a x
a x x
+ = =
} }
ln
ln
ln
}
+
+

c
a x
a x
a a x
dx
ln
2
1
2 2
c
a a u
du
a
u
+ =
+
}
arctg
1
2 2
( ) c a u u
a u
du
+ + + =
+
}
2 2
2 2
ln
Noooooo!
Ejercicios
1
2- Frmulas para desarrollar INTEGRALES:
Descomposicin en fracciones parciales y completacin del
cuadrado del Binomio.
3- Frmulas para desarrollar INTEGRALES:
Utilizar Mtodo de sustitucin trigonomtrica.
1- Frmulas para desarrollar INTEGRALES:
Mtodo directo y cambio de variables
Ejercicios
3
Trigonometra
Ejercicios
2
=

}
4
2
x
du
=
+ ) 2 )( 2 (
1
x x
) 2 )( 2 (
2 2
2 2 +
+ +
=

+
+
=
x x
B Bx A Ax
x
B
x
A
B A B A x 2 2 ) ( 1 + + =
1 2 2
2 * 0
= +
= +
B A
B A
1 2 2
0 2 2
= +
= +
B A
B A
4
1
4
1
1 4 = = = = A B B
}
=

+
+

dx
x x
)
) 2 (
4
1
) 2 (
4
1
(
} }
=

+
+

) 2 ( 4
1
) 2 ( 4
1
x
dx
x
dx
c x x Ln + + + 2
4
1
2
4
1
c x x Ln + + 2
4
1
2
4
1
c
x
x
Ln +
|
.
|

\
|
+

2
2
4
1
Encontrar:
( )
}
= dx x a x
2
( ) x ax a x a + =
2 / 1
2
) ( 2
= +
}
dx x ax a x ) ) ( 2 (
2
1
= +
}
dx x x x ax x a ) ) ( 2 (
2
1
= +
} } }
dx x x dx x x a dx x a
2
1
2
1
2
= +
} } }
dx xx dx x x a dx x a
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
= +
} } }
dx x dx x a dx x a
2 / 3 2 / 1 2 / 1
2
c
x
x a
ax
+ +
5
2
3
2
5
2
2
3
= +
}

dx bx a x
n n 1
1
1

=
=
+ =
n
n
n
nbx
du
dx
dx nbx du
bx a u
=
}

1
1
n
n
nbx
du
u x
=
}
du u
nb
2 / 1
1
c
nb
u
+ =
3
2
2 / 3
c
nb
bx a
n
+
+
=
3
) ( 2
3
Frmulas de
Integrales Parciales
) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 )( 2 (
1
) 4 (
1
1
2

+
+
=
+
=

=
x
B
x
A
x x x
1 1
1
2
2 2
+
+
=
+
=
x
B Ax
x
3 2 3
) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 (
1
3
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
=
x
C
x
B
x
A
x
o o
o
d a dx
sen a x x a
cos
1
2 2
=
=
o o
o
d a dx
tg a x x a
2
2 2
sec
2
=
= +
o o o
o
d tg a dx
a x a x
sec
sec 3
2 2
=
=
Formulas de Sustitucin Trigonomtricas.
=

}
2
25
1
x
dx
Por frmula 1
o o
o o
d Cos dx
Sen x Sen x
a a
5
25 5
5 25
2 2
2
=
= =
= =
=

}
o
o o
2
25 25
5
Sen
d Cos
=

}
) 1 ( 25
5
2
o
o o
Sen
d Cos
Por igualdad Trigonomtrica
o o
2 2
1 Cos Sen =
=
}
o
o o
2
25
5
Cos
d Cos
=
}
o
o o
Cos
d Cos
5
5
c d + =
}
o o
? .. = o
o o Sen
x
Sen X = =
5
5
ArcSen /*
) ( )
5
( o sen arcsen
x
arcsen =
o = )
5
(
x
arcsen
=

}
4
2
2
x
dx
o o o
o o
d tg Sec dx
Sec x Sec x
a a
2
4 2
2 4
2 2
2
=
= =
= =
Por frmula 1
=

}
4 4
tg 2
2
o
o o o
Sec
d Sec
=

}
) 1 ( 4
2
2
o
o o o
Sec
d tg Sec
=

}
1 4
2
2
o
o o o
Sec
d tg Sec
=
}
o
o o o
2
2
1
tg
d tg Sec
=
}
o
o o
tg
d sec
}
o
o
o
o
d
sen
cos
cos
1
2
1
=
}
o o d csec
c ctg c + o o sec ln
o
o
Sec
x
Sec x
=
=
2
2
= =
Hipotenusa
Opuesto
Sen
= =
Hipotenusa
Adyacente
Cos
= =
Adyacente
Opuesto
Tg
= =
Opuesta
Adyacente
Ctg
= =
Adyacente
Hipotenusa
Sec
= =
Opuesta
Hipotenusa
Csc
90
b
C
= =
Hipotenusa
Opuesto
Sen
a
c
C Sen Y
a
b
B Sen X
= =
= =
c
Y
x
B A
a
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Hipotenusa
Opuesto
Sen
o
o
Csc
Csc f Sen
1
) ( =
1
2 2
= + o o Cos Sen
o o
2
1 ) ( Cos Cos f Sen =
o
o
o
2
1
) (
Tg
Tg
Tg f Sen

=
o
o
2
1
1
) (
Cot
Cot f Sen
+
=
o
o
o
Sec
Sec
Sec f Sen
1
) (
2

=
a Cos b Sen b Cos a Sen b a Sen = ) (
CosX Senx x = c ) (
= =
Hipotenusa
Adyacente
Cos
a
b
C Cos Y
a
c
B Cos X
= =
= =
c
a
b
Y
x
B
C
A
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Hipotenusa
Adyacente
Cos
o
o
Sec
Sec f Cos
1
) ( =
1
2 2
= + o o Sen Cos
o
2
1 ) ( Sen Sen f Cos =
o
o
2
1
1
(tg)
Tg
f Cos

=
o
o
o
2
1
) (
Cot
Cot
Cot f Cos
+
=
o
o
o
Csc
Csc
Csc f Cos
1
) (
2

=
b Sen a Sen b Cos a Cos b a Cos = ) (
SenX Cosx x = c ) (
= =
Adyacente
Opuesto
Tg
b
c
C Tg Y
c
b
B Tg X
= =
= =
c
a
b
Y
x
B
C
A
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Adyacente
Opuesto
Tg
o
o
Cot
Cot f Tg
1
) ( =
o
o
o
Cos
Sen
Tg =
o
o
o
2
1
) (
Sen
Sen
Sen f Tg

=
o
o
o
Cos
Cos
Cos f Tg
2
1
) (

=
1 ) (
2
= o o Sec Sec f Tg
1
1
) (
2

=
o
o
Csc
Csc f Tg
b Tg a Tg
b Tg a Tg
b a Tg
* 1
) (

=
X Sec Tgx x
2
) ( = c
= =
Opuesto
Adyacente
Cot
c
b
C Cot Y
b
c
B Cot X
= =
= =
c
a
b
Y
x
B
C
A
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Opuesto
Adyacente
Cot
o
o
Tg
Tg f Cot
1
) ( =
o
o
o
Sen
Sen
Sen f Cot
2
1
) (

=
o
o
o
2
1
) (
Cos
Cos
Cos f Cot

=
1
1
) (
2

=
o
o
Sec
Sec f Cot
1 ) (
2
= o o Csc Csc f Cot
a Cot b Cot
b Cot a Cot
b a C

=
1 *
) tg(

X Csc Cotx x
2
) ( = c
= =
Adyacente
Hipotenusa
Sec
b
a
C Sec Y
c
a
B Sec X
= =
= =
c
a
b
Y
x
B
C
A
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Adyacente
Hipotenusa
Sec
o
o
Cos
Sec
1
=
o
o
2
1
1
) (
Sen
Sen f Sec

=
o
o
Cos
Cos f Sec
1
) ( =
o o
2
1 ) ( Tg Tg f Sec + =
o
o
o
Cot
Cot
Cot f Sec
2
1
) (
+
=
1
) (
2

=
Csc
Csc
Csc f Sec
o
o
) (
1
) (
b a Cos
b a Sec

=
Tgx Secx Secx x * ) ( = c
= =
Opuesto
Hipotenusa
Csc
c
a
C Csc Y
b
a
B Csc X
= =
= =
c
a
b
Y
x
B
C
A
Has Clic sobre
el tringulo
= =
Opuesto
Hipotenusa
Csc
o
o
Sen
Sen f Csc
1
) ( =
o
o
2
1
1
) (
Cos
Cos f Csc

=
o
o
o
Tg
Tg
Tg f Csc
2
1
) (
+
=
o o
2
1 ) ( Cot Cot f Csc + =
1
) (
2

=
o
o
o
Sec
Sec
Sec f Csc
) (
1
) (
b a Sen
b a Csc

=
Cotx Cscx Cscx x * ) ( = c