THE COGNITIVE PROCESS

Subject : Topic: References/Sources: Facilitating Learning The Cognitive Process Facilitating Human Learning( Aquino A.M.,2009)

Cognition is important in human learning. Many of the task as well as our activities and responsibilities in personal and professional life require our cognitive abilities. Cognition involves various intellectual processes (such as perception, memory thinking and language) through which information is obtained, transformed, stored retrieved and used.

Cognition is a way of processing information, an active process, and a useful process.

THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF COGNITION

Perception
Attention Memory Language Reasoning

Decision-making
Problem-Solving

COGNITIVE PROCESS OF EXPERTS AND EXPERTS SYSTEM

Special KnowledgeDomain SpecificityAnalogical ReasoningExpert SystemCreativity

5 BASIC UNITS OF COGNITION

1. Concepts building blocks of cognition, it is general labels that we attach to categories of things and information that share common characteristics.
The following are associated with the development of concept.

Positive instances account for the examples. Negative instances account for non examples Defining characteristics are those that have positive examples Correlational characteristics' are those are those characteristics that often occur but not very essential Prototype pertain to typical examples that frequently occur Exemplars are typical examples of something that come in variation within the concept. Relatedness of concepts occurs when students connect new concepts to there prior knowledge.

Concepts are arranged in a hierarchy, called conceptual domains, these domains are superordinate, basic and subordinate.
(Superordinate)

Vehicle
(Basic)

Car

Bus

Truck

(Subordinate)

Box Type

Sports Car

Coaster

Shuttle

Dump

Trailer

.5 BASIC UNITS OF COGNITION

2. Propositions- composed of related concepts. 3. Schemata - general knowledge structures used for understanding. 4. Production basic unit of procedural knowledge. Classical ApproachPrototypical Approach Exemplar Approach

5. Scripts- specific knowledge structures that contain the sequence of events that usually occur in certain situations.

COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
-mental plans that we apply to manage our thinking and behavior during problem solving or learning.

Student-centered instruction .Students must be actively involved in the learning process.

Activating prior knowledge. Prior knowledge pays major role in constructing meaning. Social interactions. Social interactions are necessary for students to develop authentic learning

Problem Solving. The creative process of solving a problem happen when students themselves in meaningful learning. Elaboration . As much as possible we avoid the used of memorization of basic facts . instead we should require students to use those facts in meaningful context. Concept learning. Concept learning equates with knowledge construction

Important to consider in concept learning

Using core knowledgeIntegration of concepts across curriculum Provision of an open Ended curriculum Provision of cognitive flexibility Provision of cognitive apprenticeship

_THE END_
Subject : Topic: References/Sources: Facilitating Learning The Cognitive Process Facilitating Human Learning( Aquino A.M.,2009)

Example of Proposition

Coming from Cagayan, the newly hired teacher is Miss Sullivan, who is found of wearing black skirt. To analyze the statement ,we can break it down to workable units: 1. The newly hired teacher is Ms.Sullivan. 2. Ms. Sullivan comes from Cagayan. 3. Ms. Sullivan is fond of wearing black skirt. Now consider the following statements: 1. The newly hired teacher is Ms.Sullivan. 2. Ms. Sullivan comes from Dagupan. 3. Ms. Sullivan is fond of wearing black skirt.

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The Baubles
I was so amazed to see my daughter when she came home one sultry afternoon. Her work as a nurse in the hospital forced here to get a dorm where she could stay after a toxic day. That afternoon, it was not her schedule to come home; she brought some gifts for me because it was my birthday. How happy I was to see my daughter with some presents. She wanted me to open all the gifts. To my surprise, there were baubles of various types and colors. She told me , In different occasions, you can wear any of them without worrying that they might be snatched or lost . She hugged me and said, Happy birthday ,Ma.
Now let us focus on the baubles. What do you know about baubles?

We can say that baubles are:

Not like bubbles Small things of any sort Small and worthless ornament Use as decorations Not so expensive materials for decorations Things of little value Things that are cute Worn as attractive ornaments Pieces of jewelry Pair of earrings Necklaces And others
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