DEMOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS

ANURAG BAGADE NIKHIL PAWAR

In India the Guru or the teacher is held in high esteem. Indeed, there is an understanding that if the devotee were presented with the guru and God, first he would pay respect to the guru, since the guru had been instrumental in leading him to God

 Gurukul system of education The gurudakshina is a traditional gesture of acknowledgment, respect and thanks

NALANDA UNIVERSITY

REMAINS OF TAXILA UNIVERSITY

There were universities like Taxila, Ujjain, Kanchi etc. for medicine and learning including mathematics and astronomy.

Education of Indians had become a topic of interest among East India Company officials. The policys goal was to advance knowledge of Indians and to employ that knowledge in the East India Company

The British Parliament formed a petition in support of both establishing and adequately funding university education in India which helped in shaping the education system of India.

GRANT MEDICAL COLLEGE,1844

UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY

THE INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

POST INDEPENDENCE

Following independence in 1947, MAULANA AZAD, India's first education minister recommended strong central government control over education throughout the country, with a uniform educational system

The Indian government lays great emphasis to primary education up to the age of fourteen years (referred to as Elementary Education in India.) The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions. Education has also been made free for children for six to 16 years of age. The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched in 1994 with an aim to universalize primary education in India by reforming and vitalizing the existing primary education system

The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children on all working days with an objective to: increase school enrolment and attendance, improve socialisation among children belonging to all castes and addressing malnutrition.

RIGHT TO EDUCATION

The current scheme for universalization of Education for All is the SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN which is one of the largest education initiatives in the world.

Every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the right to free and compulsory education. The government schools shall provide free education to all the children. Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the children in their schools without any fee.

 In our national perception, Education refines sensitivities and perceptions that contribute to national cohesion, a scientific temper and independence of mind and spirit - thus furthering the goals of socialism, secularism and democracy enshrined in our Constitution.

 The government is committed to providing education through mainstream schools for children with disabilities. The need for inclusive education arises precisely because it is now well understood that most children with disabilities can, with motivation and effort on the part of teaching institutions, become an integral part of those institutions.

 Significant feature of India's secondary school system is the emphasis on inclusion of the disadvantaged sections of the society. Another feature of India's secondary school system is its emphasis on profession based vocational training to help students attain skills for finding a vocation of his/her choosing.

The Secondary education is supported by the following organizations under the administrative control of the Union Department of Education: National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

 The CBSE was set up by a special resolution of the Government of India in 1929 at Ajmer with a view to play a useful role in the field of Secondary Education and to raise its standard. The CBSE has constantly been engaged in process of curriculum design, in-service teacher empowerment programmes and development of textual material.

CBSE has introduced CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) at the secondary level. The scheme of CCE discourages mechanical testing. It envisages employment of variety of tools and techniques for assessment in informal and formal settings which are more interesting, relevant and meaningful and involve learners for greater participation and learning

Levelwise Education in Different Years

1950-51
Higher Educaton

1960-61
Level Of Education
Higher Educaton Secondary/Senior Senior(XI-XII) Upper Primary (VIVIII) Primary (I-V) -200 -100 0 100 No. of Students 200

Level Of Education

Secondary/Senior Senior(XI-XII) Female Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Male

Female
Male

Primary (I-V) 150 100 50 0 No. of Students 50 100

-300

1970-71
Higher Educaton

1980-81
Higher Educaton

Level Of Education

Secondary/Senior Senior(XIXII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Primary (I-V) Female Male

Level Of Education

Secondary/Senior Senior(XIXII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Primary (I-V)

Female Male

-400

-200

0 No. of Students

200

400

-600

-400

-200

0 No. of Students

200

400

2000-01
Higher Educaton

2005-06
Higher Educaton

Level Of Education

Level Of Education

Secondary/Senior Senior(XI-XII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Primary (I-V) Female Male

Secondary/Senior Senior(XIXII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Primary (I-V) Female Male

800

600

400

200 0 No. of Students

200

400

600

1,000.00

500.00

0.00 No. of Students

500.00

1,000.00

2006-07
Level Of Education
Higher Educaton

2007-08
Level Of Education
Higher Educaton

Secondary/Senior Senior(XIXII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Female Male

Secondary/Senior Senior(XIXII) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Primary (I-V) 500.00 0.00 No. of Students 500.00 1,000.00

Female Male

Primary (I-V)
500.00 0.00 No. of Students 500.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

1,000.00

 NCERT is an autonomous body fully funded by the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD) The NCERT was established in 1961. It functions as a resource centre in the field of school education and teacher education. Publication of school textbooks and other educational material like teachers guides/manuals etc. are its major functions. It aims at making environmental education an integral part of curriculum in school education.

India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States.

 Higher education in India has evolved in divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISION- organisation set up
by Union government in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education, indirectly controlled by

the Ministry of Human Resource Development. Most universities are administered by the States, but there are 18 important universities called Central Universities, which are maintained by the Union Government.

Delhi Chief Minister Ms.Sheila Dikshit launched the Ladli. Under the scheme, the state government intends to deposit Rs.100,000 in the account of every girl child (belonging to a particular income group) by the time she attains the age of 18.

As per the scheme, the government will deposit Rs.10,000 in the name of a girl child at the time of her birth and Rs.5,000 each at the time of admission to Class I, VI, IX, X and XII to encourage her education.

Maths labs are a part of the infrastructure along with physics, chemistry, biology , psychology, home science and computers.

Literacy Rate is a number of literates in the age group of 7 year and above expressed as percentage of total corresponding population Indias Male Female Literacy Rate (Year wise)
Male Female

27.20

1951

8.9

40.40

1961

15.4

46.00

1971

22

56.40

1981

29.8

64.10

1991

39.3

75.30

2000

53.7

82.10

2011

65.5

Pyramid Showing the Level-wise enrolment in schools/colleges by students in the year of 2009-2010
Level-wise Enrolment in School in 2009-10
Ph.D Post graduate Graduate

Polytechnics

Female
11-12 9-10 6-8 1-5
100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75

Male

No. of Students (in thousands)

Teachers in Primary School I - V No. of Teachers (in Thousands)

1950-51
1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91

Year

Male 2000-01 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09P 2009-10P 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 500 1,000 1,500 Female

Teachers in Upper Primary School VI - VIII

No. of Teachers (in Thousands)
1950-51

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91
Male 2000-01 Female

Year

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09P

2009-10P 1,500 1,000 500 0 500 1,000

Teachers in Secondary IX - X
No. of Teachers (in Thousands)

1950-51

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

Year

Male 2000-01 Female

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09P

2009-10P 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 500 1,000 1,500

DROPOUT from I-V

2009-10P 2008-09P 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06

Year

2000-01 1990-91 1980-81 1970-71 1960-61 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80

Female Male

Students (in %)

DROPOUT from I-VIII

2009-10P 2008-09P 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2000-01 1990-91 1980-81 1970-71 1960-61 100 50 0 50 100 Female Male

Year

Students (in %)

DROPOUT from IX-X

2009-10P

2008-09P

2007-08

2006-07

2005-06

Year

Female 2000-01 Male

1990-91

1980-81

1970-71

1960-61

100

80

60

40

20

20

40

60

80

100

Students (in %)

Rural-Urban Statewise Literacy

LAKSHADWEEP # CHANDIGARH # DAMAN & DIU # DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI # A & N ISLANDS # PUDUCHERRY # NCT OF DELHI # SIKKIM MIZORAM GOA ARUNACHAL PRADESH NAGALAND MANIPUR MEGHALAYA TRIPURA HIMACHAL PRADESH UTTARAKHAND JAMMU & KASHMIR HARYANA CHHATTISGARH PUNJAB JHARKHAND KERALA ASSAM ORISSA GUJARAT KARNATAKA TAMIL NADU RAJASTHAN MADHYA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH WEST BENGAL MAHARASHTRA BIHAR UTTAR PRADESH India/

State

Urban Rural

-1E+08

-80000000

-60000000

-40000000

-20000000
Population

20000000

40000000

60000000

Statewise Literacy Rate

BIHAR ARUNACHAL PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH MEGHALAYA JAMMU & KASHMIR JHARKHAND ASSAM UTTAR PRADESH RAJASTHAN MADHYA PRADESH CHHATTISGARH PUNJAB ORISSA WEST BENGAL KARNATAKA NAGALAND HARYANA DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI # MANIPUR TAMIL NADU GUJARAT SIKKIM UTTARAKHAND MAHARASHTRA A & N ISLANDS # CHANDIGARH # HIMACHAL PRADESH NCT OF DELHI # DAMAN & DIU # PUDUCHERRY # TRIPURA GOA MIZORAM KERALA LAKSHADWEEP #

State

Literacy Rate (Females) Literacy Rate (Males)

-150

-100

-50

0
Literacy rate

50

100

150

We give them roots, we give them wings And great joys from, little things, A hope that they will soar , A hope that they will try, We are sure that one day , Our children will learn to fly.