Biomedical waste management

By group I (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)

Learning Objectives
Define

biomedical waste management Classification of biomedical waste management Disposal of biomedical wastes.

Biomedical waste management

Definition:
Bio Medical waste is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals and categories.

Healthcare waste Definition

Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF) Two basic categories

Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90% Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%

Healthcare general waste

Healthcare General Waste (HCGW)
Paper Packaging Plastic packaging Food preparation And other items that havent been contaminated

Healthcare risk waste

Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW)

Infectious waste Hazardous waste Harmful to humans and environment

SOURCE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

Biomedical waste is generated in: hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)

Components

Solids:

Catheters and tubes Disposable masks and scrubs Disposable tools Medical gloves Wound dressings

Contd

Liquids:

Blood Body fluids and tissues Cell, organ and tissue cultures

Contd
Sharps: Blades (Razor or Scalpel) Material made up glass such as cuvettes and slides. Needles Plastic pipettes and syringes

Contd

Laboratory waste:

Animal carcasses Hazardous chemicals Medicinal plants Radioactive material with biological components Supernatants Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug are not considered biomedical waste

classification

Classification

Non hazardous: approximately 75-90% of the biomedical waste is non-hazardous and as harmless as any other municipal waste. (E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)

Classification
Hazardous waste:
10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.

Classification and management

Category Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method

Human Wastes Category 1 (Tissues, organs, body parts Category 2 Animal Waste Microbiology and Category 3 Biotechnology waste
Category 4 Sharps Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs

Incineration / deep burial Incineration / deep burial Autoclave/microwave/incineration Disinfection (chemical treatment)+/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation shredding Incineration/ destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills

Category 5

Contd
Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method Contaminated solid Incineration/autoclaving / Category 6 waste microwaving Solid waste (disposable Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 7 items other than microwaving/autoclaving & sharps) mutilation shredding Liquid waste (generated from laboratory Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 8 washing, cleaning, and discharge into the drains housekeeping and disinfecting activity) Category

Category 9 Incineration ash

Disposal in municipal landfill

Chemical Treatment + and discharge in to drain for liquids and secured landfill for solids

Category10 Chemical Wastes

Management
Color coding
Type of container

Waste category option

Cat 1,2,3,6 deep

treatment

Incineration /

YELLOW

PLASTIC BAG

RED

Disinfected container / plastic bag

Blue/white Plastic bag/ translucent Puncture proof

burial Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment Cat 4,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment / destruction shredding Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secure landfill

BLACK

Plastic bag

Disposal Of Wastes

Containers Type

Container type

Must be appropriate to contents & regulations

Bags NO sharps, medicines or liquids Sharps bins sharps ONLY Other Rigid Bins various e.g.
High liquid-content Clinical Combustible Radioactive Special & Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Waste medicines

Containers Colour

Container colour
Tells other staff what is in the container Tells the contractor what to do with the waste Can apply to both sacks and rigid containers

Safe for Disposal to General Waste Lab plastics Carcass, anatomical

Sharps Cytotoxic

Disposal Procedure Carcass

Carcass or anatomical material

Small / medium carcasses or obvious body parts Render safe first Yellow bags or containers Freeze prior to collection or keep refrigerated

Disposal Procedure Blood

Blood or body fluids

Render safe first Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. swabs, dressings) Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking) Freeze prior to collection

Disposal Procedure Sharps

Sharps
Including needles, scalpel blades and small pieces of glass ALWAYS USE a Sharps bin Do NOT overfill or shake Follow H&S guidance and take care (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is full

Disposal Procedure Plastics

Laboratory plastics
Render safe first If non-identifiable following autoclave then nonclinical disposal [Black Bag and label Safe for Disposal] If identifiable still then possibly offensive Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Waste

Oct/Nov2006

Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session

Slide #26

Disposal Procedure Glass

Glassware
Render safe first Designated boxes clearly labelled Broken Glassware Safe for Disposal

Except if contains hazardous chemicals special disposal route via Chemistry

Disposal Procedure Medicines

Medicines
Designated medicine bins only (usually Blue Rigid container) Do not use containers intended for other uses (e.g. sharps bins) Do not pour down the drain Some medicines are considered to be Special Waste

Disposal Procedure Special I

Cytotoxic Waste

Special Waste, therefore

Packaging and labelling requirements Holding locations separate containment Pre-notification of SEPA by contractor & Special Waste Consignment Note Extra charges

Notify Waste Manager

Disposal Procedure Special II

Infectious Waste
Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / inactivated BEFORE leaving the lab If not possible then special conditions apply:

Packaging and labelling Holding locations separate containment Pre-notification of SEPA Extra paperwork Extra charges

Notify Waste Manager immediately

Disposal Procedure - Reminder

Key points to remember:

Never fill sacks more than full Never overfill sharps bins Do NOT use anything that leaks Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins before removing from lab Always use a Barcode Label and complete your Label Record Sheet Know if it is Special Waste & act accordingly Place in approved Holding Location (freezer)

Resources

www.Wikipedia.org www.WHO.org www.google.com