One of the Gorgons, and the only one who was mortal.

Her gaze could turn whoever she looked upon to stone. There is a particular myth in which Medusa was originally a beautiful maiden. She desecrated Athena's temple by lying there with Poseidon. Outraged, Athena turned Medusa's hair into living snakes.
http://www.pantheon.org/articles/m/medusa.html

TASK: YOU WILL CREATE A CONCEPT MAP USING VARIOUS WORDS/PHRASES/IDEAS THAT YOUR GROUP WILL COME UP WITH DEFINING AND STATING THE IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS TO HUMAN BEINGS. EACH IDEA/CONCEPT SHOULD BE REPRESENTED BY THE SNAKE OF MEDUSA. THEN, USING THE OUTPUT, A REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE GROUP SHALL PRESENT IN 5-7 MINUTES.

IN TERMS OF GRADING, THE LEADER OF THE GROUP WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO GIVE GRADES TO HIS MEMBERS. THE MEMBERS TOO WILL BE ASKED TO RATE THEIR LEADERS.
FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE GROUP 70% WILL COME FROM MR. SICAT 30% WILL COME FROM THE LEADERS FOR THE LEADERS 70% WILL COME FROM MR. SICAT 3O% WILL COME FROM THE MEMBERS

1.ADEQUACY OF THE INFORMATION PRESENTED-20 POINTS 2.DELIVERY- 15 POINTS 3.CREATIVITY/ORIGINALITY/RESOURCEFULNE SS- 10 POINTS 4.AUDIENCE IMPACT- 5 POINTS

TOTAL: 50 POINTS

MAN AS A KNOWING BEING IS SO CONSTITUTED THAT HE CANNOT HELP WANTING TO KNOW.

KNOWING MAN

REASONED KNOWING

REASONED KNOWING MEANS THE ABILITY TO ANSWER THE QUESTION WHY

WHY.WHY.WHY?

WHY MUST I LIVE? WHY DO I EXPERIENCE HARDSHIPS? WHY DO I NEED FRIENDS/LOVERS?

INQUISITIVE

INQUISITIVE

WONDER IS THE STARTING POINT OF KNOWLEDGE. -GREEK PHILOSOPHER-

THE RIGHT OF THE HUMAN MIND TO SEARCH FOR THE TRUTH GIVES PHILOSOPHY ITS RIGHT TO EXISTENCE.

PHILOSOPHY: ETYMOLOGY FROM

GREEK

PHILOS/FILOS LOVER/FRIEND FROM GREEK WORD SOPHIA/SOFIA MEANS WISDOM/KNOWLEDGE THE PURSUIT OF WISDOM; A VIEW OF LIFE; A VIEW OF ALL THINGS AND

WORD MEANING

PHILOSOPHY
* SCIENCE OF BEINGS IN THE ULTIMATE

REASONS, CAUSES, AND PRINCIPLES ACQUIRED BY THE AID OF REASON ALONE.

KEY WORDS: IT IS A SCIENCE. IT IS A SCIENCE OF BEINGS. IT IS A SCIENCE OF BEINGS IN THEIR ULTIMATE REASONSCAUSES PRINCIPLES. AID OF REASON

PHILOSOPHY IS A SCIENCE BECAUSE THE INVESTIGATION IS SYSTEMATIC. IT FOLLOWS CERTAIN STEPS OR IT EMPLOYS CERTAIN

PHILOSOPHY IS A OF BEINGS, THAT IS, OF ALL THINGS WHICH CAN BE REACHED BY THE HUMAN MIND: MAN, THE WORLD, AND GOD; EVERYTHING THAT IS OR BECOMES OR IS KNOWN. THE OBJECT OF PHILOSOPHY IS THE WHOLE

SCIENCE

 A REASON IS THAT BY MEANS OF WHICH A THING IS KNOWN OR CAN BE UNDERSTOOD. (ABILITY TO MAKE SENSE OF THINGS, TO
ESTABLISH AND VERIFY FACTS AND TO CHANGE OR JUSTIFY PRACTICES; POWER TO THINK)

A CAUSE IS THAT WHICH CONTRIBUTES IN SOME POSITIVE MANNER TOWARD THE PRODUCTION OF A THING (SUFFICIENT REASON; MOTIVE) A PRINCIPLE IS THAT FROM WHICH

 THE OTHER SCIENCES GIVE THE PROXIMATE CAUSES OF THINGS WHILE PHILOSOPHY SEARCHES FOR THE ULTIMATE REASONS AND CAUSES AND PRINCIPLES. PHILOSOPHY EXPLORES THE

PHILOSOPHY IS ACQUIRED BY THE AID OF REASON ALONE WHICH MEANS THAT IT DOES NOT BASE ITS KNOWLEDGE ON AUTHORITY BUT SOLELY ON THE REASONING POWER OF THE HUMAN MIND (PHILOSOPHERS NATURAL

HOW DOES PHILOSOPHY DIFFER FROM OTHER SCIENCES?

ANTHROPOLOGISTS= HUMAN BEINGS IN RELATION WITH THE SOCIETY SOCIOLOGISTS= SOCIETY; ITS FORM, STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS BOTANISTS= PLANTS LINGUISTS= LANGUAGE

THEOLOGIANS= GOD

PHILOSOPHERS= HUMAN BEINGS, SOCIETY, RELIGION, LANGUAGE, GOD, PLANTS AND MANY MORE.

OTHER DEFINITIONS
THE SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS, OF BOTH NATURAL AND INNATURAL, THROUGH ITS PRINCIPLES AND ULTIMATE CAUSES KNOWN BY NATURAL REASON ALONE. (GREEKS)

PROCESS OF REFLECTING ON AND CRITICIZING OUR MOST DEEPLY HELD BELIEFS, CONCEPTS AND ATTITUDES

DIRECTION:

1.THINK OF YOUR MAIN/MAJOR BELIEF/GUIDING PRINCIPLE THAT SERVES AS YOUR PHILOSOPHY IN LIFE. 2.PUT IT IN A PLACARD FORMAT IN A SIZE THAT IS VISIBLE TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE CLASS. OTHER ART FORMS CAN BE USED IN THIS WORK.

3. BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE CONTENT OF YOUR PLACARD ORALLY IN 1-2 MINUTES ONLY. THE EXPLANATION MAY FOCUS ON THE REASON/S WHY THE SAID PHILOSOPHY WAS CHOSEN AND ITS IMPACT TO THEIR LIVES.

LIFE IS GOOD!

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

SOURCES: PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC: A GUIDE TO CORRECT REASONING BY: MARK EDWARD P. ABOROT HANDBOOK IN BASIC LOGIC BY: JOVE JIM S. AGUAS

METAPHYSICS/ONTOLOGY
FROM THE GREEK WORD META MEANING AFTER AND PHYSICA WHICH MEANS NATURE

METAPHYSICS
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE NATURE OF BEING- THE CAUSE, THE SUBSTANCE AND THE ULTIMATE MEANING OR PURPOSE OF THINGS EXAMPLE: WHATS OUT THERE?

PSYCHOLOGY
STUDY OF MANS BEHAVIOR; MANS NATURE, HIS POWERS, ACTS AND HABITS EXAMPLE: HOW DOES MAN BEHAVE?

EPISTEMOLOGY/CRITICS/CRITERIOLOGY

STUDY OF THE HUMAN MIND OR KNOWLEDGE AND ITS VALIDITY EXAMPLE: HOW DO I KNOW ABOUT IT?

ETHICS
STUDY OF ACTION; EXPLORES THE NATURE OF MORAL VIRTUE AND EVALUATES HUMAN ACTIONS/MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS EXAMPLE: WHAT SHOULD I DO?

POLITICS
STUDY RELATING TO CITIZENS EXAMPLE: WHAT ACTIONS ARE PERMISSIBLE?

LOGIC
THE ART OF CORRECT REASONING EXAMPLE: HOW SHOULD I SAY WHAT I AM THINKING?

THEODICITY/SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
STUDY OF GOD ACCORDING TO HUMAN REASON EXAMPLE: WHO IS GOD?

COSMOLOGY
STUDY OF TIME, SPACE AND PLACE EXAMPLE: WHERE AM I?

AESTHETICS
THE SCIENCE OF ARTS AND BEAUTY EXAMPLE: IS THIS BEAUTIFUL?

1.PROVIDES THE SEARCHER PRICELESS INFORMATION RANGING FROM SMALLEST ATOMS AND THE CELLS TO MAN AND THE STARS AND THE UNIVERSE AND GOD 2.UNIFIES AND SYSTEMATIZES ALL IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE DOMAIN OF REASON 3.SUPREME ACHIEVEMENT OF THE HUMAN INTELLECT IN A PURELY NATURAL WAY 4.ENABLES ONE TO DISTINGUISH TRUTH FROM ERROR IN THE MIDST OF CONFLICTING AND CONFUSING OPINION

5. IMBUED WITH THE GREAT PRINCIPLES OF TRUE PHILOSOPHY, ONE CAN BECOME A BETTER CHARACTER AND A GREATER MAN.

1.ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY 6TH CENTURY B.C. TO 529 A.D. ANCIENT GREEKS (FIRST PHILOSOPHERS IN THE WEST)
3 PERIODS: A.PRE-SOCRATIC B.SOCRATIC C.POST-SOCRATIC

2. MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY DOMINATED BY CHRISTIAN THINKERS 529 A.D. TO 1450 A.D. 3 PERIODS:

A.BEGINNING OF SCHOLASTICISM B.GOLDEN AGE OF SCHOLASTICISM C.DECLINE OF SCHOLASTICISM

3. MODERN PHILOSOPHY 1450 TO 1799 A.D. 4 PERIODS:

A.RENAISSANCE B.RATIONALISM C.EMPIRICISM D.ENLIGHTENMENT

4. CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY
19TH TO 20TH CENTURY 5. RECENT/POSTMODERN PHILOSOPHY

1.ADEQUACY OF THE INFORMATION PRESENTED20 POINTS 2.DELIVERY- 15 POINTS 3.CREATIVITY/ORIGINALITY/RESOURCEFULNESS10 POINTS 4.AUDIENCE IMPACT- 5 POINTS TOTAL: 50 POINTS

1.ATOMISM THE UNIVERSE CONSISTS OF INDIVISIBLE UNITS OR ATOMS.

2. DETERMINISM ALL EVENTS IN NATURE OR SOCIETY; INCLUDING HUMAN CHOICES AND ACTIONS, ARE THE INEVITABLE RESULT OF EXISTING CONDITIONS.

3. DUALISM THE UNIVERSE IS BASICALLY COMPOSED OF TWO SUBSTANCES, MATTER AND MIND.
4. HEDONISM PLEASURE OR HAPPINESS IS THE HIGHEST GOOD AND THE PROPER GOAL OF HUMANITY.

5. INTUITIONISM KNOWLEDGE OF REALITY IS GAINED THROUGH THE IMMEDIATE APPREHENSION OF SELF-EVIDENT TRUTHS. 6. MECHANISM THE PROCESSES OF NATURE, ANIMATE AND INANIMATE, ARE MACHINESLIKE; THE FUNCTIONING AND BEHAVIOR OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS ARE MECHANICAL.

7. MONISM THE UNIVERSE IS COMPOSED OF ONLY ONE SUBSTANCE, WHETHER MATTER OR MIND.
8. NATURALISM BECAUSE THE PHENOMENA OF NATURE ARE REGULAR AND NOT HAPHAZARD, THEY ARE ALL SUBJECT TO SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION.

9. PLURALISM THE UNIVERSE CONSISTS OF MORE THAN ONE SUBSTANCE, SUCH AS MATTER AND SPIRIT.
10. POSITIVISM THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF SCIENCE SHOULD BE USED TO GUIDE INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR AND TO SOLVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS.

11. REALISM GENERAL IDEAS ARE NOT MERELY WORDS BUT REFER TO REAL THINGS. MATERIAL OBJECTS EXIST INDEPENDENTLY OF ANY KNOWLEDGE OR PERCEPTION TO THEM. 12. TRANSCENDENTALISM A HUMAN BEING IS INTUITIVELY AWARE OF A REALITY BEYOND SENSORY PHENOMENA.

WELL-KNOWN PHILOSOPHERS 1.THALES- FATHER OF PHILOSOPHY, CLAIMED THAT THE WORLD IS MADE UP OF WATER

 ORIGINATED FROM MILETUS, GREECE (A SEAFARING POWER) INFORMATION ABOUT THALES CAME FROM HERODOTUS AND ARISTOTLE

1. EVERYTHING WE EXPERIENCE IS WATER-WHICH WE CALL REALITY EVERYTHING ELSE IS APPEARANCE. CLOUDS FOR EXAMPLE OR BLOCKS OF ICE DO NOT LOOK LIKE WATER BUT THEY CAN BE EXPLAINED IN TERMS OF WATER. WHEN WATER EVAPORATES IT BECOMES CLOUDS AND WHEN WATER FREEZES IT BECOMES ICE.

2. WATER IS THE MATERIAL CAUSE OF ALL THINGS. 3. ALL THINGS ARE FULL OF GODS. THE MAGNET IS ALIVE FOR IT HAS THE POWER OF MOVING IRON.

WELL-KNOWN PHILOSOPHERS 2. ANAXIMENES- STATED THAT THE ULTIMATE STUFF IS AIR BECAUSE IT CAN TRANSFORM FROM SOLID TO FIRE

 BY RAREFACTION, AIR BECOMES FIRE, WHEREAS THROUGH A SERIES OF CONTRACTIONS IT BECOMES IN TURN CLOUD, VAPOR, WATER, EARTH, ROCK, ETC. THE EARTH AND THE HEAVENLY BODIES ARE FLYING SAUCERS, OR RATHER SAUCERS FLOATING ON AIR.

3. EMPEDOCLES- SAID THAT THE EARTH, WATER, FIRE AND AIR CANNOT BE ISOLATED BUT THEY ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY ANOTHER ELEMENT CALLED ETHER (THE HEAVENS OR THE SPIRIT)

 SIDES WITH THE ELEATICS (NO CHANGE) IN HIS DENIAL OF BECOMING BUT ASSUMES THE REALITY OF MOTION; ACCEPTS THE IDEA OF PERMANENCY OF WHAT IS BUT INSISTS ALSO ON THE PERMANENCY OF A PROCESS. PROCLAIMS THE EXISTENCE OF TWO THINGS WHICH HE CALLS STRIFE AND LOVE (ATTRACTION AND REPULSION, TWO DIFFERENT FORCES AT WORK IN NATURE)

4. DEMOCRITUS- BELIEVED THAT THE BASIC ELEMENT IS MADE UP OF AGGREGATES OF PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

 ONE OF THE ATOMISTS (EVERYTHING IN NATURE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE COLLISION OF ATOMS MOVING ABOUT IN SPACE) STRIVED FOR THE CHEERFULNESS OF THE STATE OF THE SOUL

5. PYTHAGORAS- ANSWERED THAT ATOMS AGGREGATE THROUGH NUMBERS FOUNDED A BROTHERHOOD ORIGINALLY BASED ON MORAL AND RELIGIOUS ONE

 BELIEVED THAT THE BODY IS A PRISON-HOUSE OF THE SOUL; THE SOUL WAS SUPPOSED TO BE OF DIVINE ORIGIN, AND THE FACT THAT IT DWELLS IN THE BODY IS LOOKED UPON SOMEHOW AS A CONSEQUENCE OF AN ANCIENT CONTAMINATION OR POLLUTION OF ITS NATURAL DIVINITY. THE CYCLE OF BIRTH, DEATH AND REBIRTH MUST CONTINUE FOR EVERY SOUL UNTIL IT IS PURGED.

 MOST EFFECTIVE MEANS OF PURIFYING MANS SOUL IS THE CULTIVATION AND EXERCISES OF THE INTELLECT IN THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE FIRST TO DISCUSS THE SUBJECT OF GOODNESS (ARISTOTLE) FIRST TO CARRY ARITHMETIC BEYOND THE NEEDS OF COMMERCE AND MADE IT A STUDY FOR ITS OWN SAKE

PHYTHAGOREAN THEOREM- THE SQUARE ON THE HYPOTENUSE IS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF THE SQUARES ON THE OTHER TWO SIDES; REAL FOUNDATION OF SCIENTIFIC MATHEMATICS THINGS ARE MADE OF NUMBERS

6. HERACLITUS- ESTABLISHED THAT THERE IS NO PATTERN OR MAIN STUFF BECAUSE THERE IS NO PERMANENCE IN NATURE. THE ONLY REALITY IN LIFE IS CHANGE BECAUSE IT MOVES LIKE A FLOWING RIVER.

 ARGUED THAT THE SUBSTANCE THAT HOLDS EVERYTHING TOGETHER IS FIRE; FIRE IS A CONSTANT PROCESS OF FORMATION AND THEREFORE IT IS IN A CONTINUOUS STATE OF CHANGE HIS FIRE IS NOT A MATERIAL THING BUT A UNITY NOT OF SUBSTANCE UNDERLYING CHANGE BUT THE UNITY OF PATTERN

 FIRE IS NOT A RANDOM MOVEMENT BUT GODS UNIVERSAL REASON (LOGOS); REASON IS THE ORDER AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE THE UNIVERSAL REASON IS GOD, THE FIRE (THE UNITY HOLDING EVERYTHING TOGETHER)

7.

PARMENIDES- STRESSED THAT PHILOSOPHY SHOULD NOT TALK ABOUT NATURE BUT MUST BE CONCERNED WITH THE BEING.

 FIRST LOGICIAN AND IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE FIRST PHILOSOPHER HIS SYSTEM DEPENDS ENTIRELY ON LOGICAL DEDUCTION LOGICAL METHOD ( A METHOD THAT DEPENDS ENTIRELY ON THOUGHT AND NOT AT ALL ON EXPERIMENT AND OBSERVATION) CONCEPT OF NO NOTHING; REJECTED NON-BEING

8. SOCRATES FAMOUS FOR THE QUOTATION KNOW THYSELF KNOWLEDGE IS VIRTUE; IGNORANCE IS VICE STONEMASON AND CARVER BY TRAINING TEACHER OF PLATO AND XENOPHON

MAN MUST NOT BE REGARDED AS AN OBJECT BUT A SUBJECT WHO MUST BE RESPECTED AS A PERSON AND NOT BE JUST AN OBJECT OF KNOWLEDGE OR SOMETHING TO BE PROGRAMMED. (HEALTH OF THE SOUL)

CONSIDERED HIS MISSION TO LEAD OTHERS TO VIRTUE PERFORMED HIS TASK BY PRACTICING SOCRATIC METHOD, A QUESTION AND ANSWER METHOD WHEREBY SOCRATES WOULD LEAD AN INDIVIDUAL THROUGH A PROGRESSION OF VERIFIED PREMISES TO A TRUTH (DIALECTIC) CONSIDERED HIMSELF AS A MIDWIFE

CHARGED OF CORRUPTING THE YOUTH AND IMPIETY-501 CITIZENS JUDGED HIM; MELETOS PROPOSED THE DEATH PENALTY 281 JURORS VOTED GUILTY WHILE 220 VOTED HE IS INNOCENT

TO BE HAPPY, A PERSON HAS TO LIVE A VIRTUOUS LIFE. SENTENCED BY TAKING HEMLOCK IN A JAIL IN ATHENS; WROTE POEMS TRUTH CAN BE KNOWN ONLY AFTER DEATH LEARNING IS SIMPLY RECOLLECTION TOOK A BATH BEFORE DEATH

DIFFERENT TEACHING:

WAYS

OF

1.IRONIC PROCESS SERVES THE LEARNER TO SEEK FOR KNOWLEDGE BY GETTING RID THE MIND OF PREJUDICES AND THEN BY HUMBLY ACCEPTING HIS IGNORANCE

2. MALEUTIC PROCESS EMPLOYED AFTER THE FIRST PROCESS HAS CLEARED THE MIND OF THE LEARNER OF THE IGNORANCE AND THEN DRAWS TRUTH OUT OF THE LEANERS MIND; CAN BE DONE BY MEANS OF A DIALOGUE OR A CONVERSATION

CONSIDERS, EXAMINES, COMPARES, AND STUDIES THE SIMILARITIES AND DISSIMILARITIES OF THE IDEA BEING DISCUSSED SO THAT THE CLEAR AND PRECISE NOTION OF THE IDEA IS ACHIEVED

9. PLATO Classical Greek philosopher, math 9. PLATO ematician; FROM AN ARISTOCRATIC FAMILY most famous student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world; Mathematics (center of curriculum) Teacher of Aristotle Helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.

 BELIEVED THAT MORAL VIRTUE IS NECESSARY FOR THE HEALTH OF THE SOUL BUT HE THOUGHT THAT GENUINE VIRTUE WAS DIFFICULT TO ATTAIN AND ULTIMATELY DEPENDED ON LEARNING HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED METAPHYSICAL TRUTHS THAT REQUIRED YEARS OF STUDY.

 MORAL VIRTUE WAS ROOTED ON THE INTELLECT AUTHOR OF 2 DIDACTIC WORKS SUCH AS THE REPUBLIC, A WORK WHICH DISCUSSES JUSTICE AND THE IDEAL STATE AND THE LAWS BELIEVED THAT RIGOROUS KNOWLEDGE MUST BE THE PROPER TRAINING OF THE RULER

3 DISTINCT FACULTIES OF THE SOUL: 1.SENSATION (AESTHESIS) LOWEST LEVEL OF THE SOUL WHICH IS ORDERED TO THE CLOUDY REFLECTIONS OF THE IDEAL FORMS IN SENSIBLE THINGS

2. OPINION (DOXA) SECOND LEVEL OF THE SOUL THAT IS IN ITSELF NOT FREE FROM ERROR BUT IS SUFFICIENT FOR ORDINARY PRACTICAL MATTERS SUCH AS THE HYPOTHETICAL SCIENCES AND THE GOVERNMENT OF COMMUNAL LIFE

3. MIND OR INTELLECT (NOUS) IMMORTAL PART OF THE SOUL WHICH GIVES MAN THE CAPACITY FOR TRUTH AND WISDOM

 MORAL EVIL IS THE RESULT OF IGNORANCE THIS IS WHEN THE IRRATIONAL PART OF THE SOUL TAKES OVER THUS, LEADING THE RATIONAL PART TO FORGET ITS REAL GOAL, THE SEARCH FOR THE REAL WORLD, WHICH IS THE WORLD OF PERMANENCE OR THE WORLD OF ATOMS. CONTEMPLATION NEEDED

10. ARISTOTLE PLATOS PUPIL AND TEACHER OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT DENIED PLATOS TEACHING CONCEPT OF MORAL VIRTUE INVOLVING HEARTS AS WELL AS HEADS HUMAN BEING IS A RATIONAL BEING, A SUBSTANTIAL UNION OF THE BODY AND SOUL NOTHING IS IN THE MIND WHICH DOES NOT PASS THROUGH THE SENSES

10. ARISTOTLE BORN IN STAGIRA, NORTHERN GREECE REMAINED IN THE ACADEMY FOR NEARLY 20 YEARS UNTIL PLATOS DEATH IN THE ACADEMY, HE HAD THE REPUTATION OF BEING THE READER AND THE MIND OF THE SCHOOL FOUNDED HIS SCHOOL LYCEUM

10. ARISTOTLE CHARGED ALSO WITH IMPIETY FLED TO CHALCIS WHERE HE DIED WITH A DIGESTIVE DISEASE PROPONENT OF PRINCIPLE OF ACTUALITY (THE PERFECTION OF A BEING) AND PRINCIPLE OF POTENTIALITY (CAPACITY OF A BEING TO ATTAIN ANOTHER PERFECTION)

10. ARISTOTLE

LIKE PLATO, HE BELIEVED THAT A HUMAN BEING IS COMPOSED OF A BODY AND SOUL; BUT UNLIKE PLATO, ARISTOTLE CONSIDERED THAT THE SOUL AND THE BODY NOT AS SEPARATE ENTITIES IN A HUMAN PERSON, BUT CORRELATIVE CONSTITUENTS OF ONE BEING

10. ARISTOTLE BELIEVED THAT THE HUMAN MIND IS A TABULA RASA OR A BLANK SHEET ANYTHING DONE OR INDULGED EXCESSIVELY OR DONE INADEQUATELY WOULD GO OUT OF BOUNDS AND WOULD BECOME UNREASONABLE AND IMPROPER TO THE NATURE OF THE HUMAN BEING

10. ARISTOTLE DISCOVERED THE CAUSES NAMELY: FOUR

1.WHAT IS IT? 2.WHAT IS IT MADE OF? 3.WHAT OR WHO MADE IT 4.FOR WHAT END IS IT MADE? REGARDED THESE CAUSES AS FIRST PRINCIPLES FOUND IN EVERY REALM OF REALITY

10. ARISTOTLE

1.THE FORMAL CAUSE (FORM) 2.THE MATERIAL CAUSE (MATTER) 3.THE EFFICIENT CAUSE (MOTION) 4.THE FINAL CAUSE (END)

1. ST. ANSELM CANTERBURY

OF

MEDIEVAL ITALIAN THEOLOGIAN BELIEVED THAT GOD IS THE BEING SO GREAT THAT WE CANNOT CONCEIVE OF ANY GREATER BEING GOD IS SO GREAT THAT HE HAS EVERY CONCEIVABLE PERFECTION

5 PERFECTIONS OF GOD: 1. GOD IS PERFECTLY GOOD IN THE SENSE THAT HE DOES NOT EVIL. 2. GOD IS OMNISCIENT. 3. GOD IS OMNIPOTENT. 4. GOD IS A PERSONAL GOD. 5. GOD IS A NECESSARY BEING.

 GOD IS THE BEING SO GREAT THAT WE CAN CONCEIVE OF NO GREATER BEING. EXISTENCE IS A PERFECTION THAT MUST BELONG TO GOD. THAT IS, GOD MUST EXIST.

12. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH AND ONE OF THE GREATEST SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHERS GOD IS A BEING IN THREE PERSONS BUT IN ONE SUBSTANCE MAN IS A PERSON, A SUBSTANCE WITH PERSON, HAVING A COLLECTION OF TRAITS

12. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS Works for which he is best-known are the Summa Theologica and theSumma Contra Gentiles The existence of God is not selfevident or direct to human beings, but requires proof. This proof can proceed only from the analysis of experience. KNOWN FOR HIS FIVE WAYS PROVING GODS EXISTENCE (SUMMA THEOLOGICA/THEOLOGIAE)

 EARNED THE TITLE ALBERTUS MAGNUS (ALBERT THE GREAT) AND UNIVERSAL TEACHER DIFFERENTIATED PHILOSOPHY FROM THEOLOGY (PHILOSOPHY BEGINS WITH IMMEDIATE OBJECTS OF SENSE EXPERIENCE AND REASONS UPWARD TO MORE GENERAL CONCEPTIONS AND EVENTUALLY TO THE CONCEPTION OF GOD WHILE THEOLOGY BEGINS WITH A FAITH IN GOD AND INTERPRETS ALL THINGS AS CREATURES OF GOD)

 HUMAN BEINGS ARE INCAPABLE OF KNOWING THE NATURE OF GOD IN HIS LIFE BECAUSE OUR KNOWLEDGE IS LIMITED BY ITS ORIGIN IN SENSEEXPERIENCE

WAYS TO EXISTENCE:

PROVE

GODS

1.BEGINS WITH THE SENSE EXPERIENCE OF MOTION OR CHANGE IN THE UNIVERSE (GOD) 2.NATURE OF THE EFFICIENT CAUSE (GOD)

3. TAKEN FROM POSSIBILITY AND NECESSITY (GOD) 4. TAKEN FROM THE GRADATION OF PERFECTION TO BE FOUND IN THINGS (GOD) 5. TAKEN FROM THE GOVERNANCE OF THE WORLD (GOD)

13. ST. HIPPO

AUGUSTINE

OF

ONE OF THE MOST PROLIFIC GENIUSES THAT HUMANITY HAS EVER KNOWN WROTE CITY OF GOD AND THE CONFESSIONS MAN IS RELIGIOUS BY NATURE PHILOSOPHY IS THE LOVE OF GOD HUMAN BEINGS ALONE, WITHOUT GOD, ARE BOUND TO FAIL.

 BELIEVED THAT GOD CREATED THE WORLD OUT OF LOVE AND THE HUMAN PERSON IS PART OF THIS CREATION; GOD IS LOVE. HUMAN PERSON IS CREATED IN THE IMAGE AND LIKENESS OF GOD, MORALITY THEREFORE CONSISTS IN THE CONSTANT IMITATION OF THE DIVINE MODEL

 MORALITY CONSISTED IN LOVE SINCE IT IS THIS LOVE THAT LEADS US TO IMITATE GOD, WHO IS LOVE. CONSIDERS THE PERSON AS THE IMAGO DEI BECAUSE THE HUMAN PERSON BEARS THE IMAGE OF GOD AND THE HUMAN PERSONS CROWNING GLORY RESIDES IN HIS BEING AN IMAGO DEI

 BELIEVED THAT TURNING AWAY FROM GOD AND TURNING TO GOD ARE NOT FORCED ACTS BUT RATHER VOLUNTARY ACT EVIL OR SIN IS THE PRODUCT OF THE WILL. CONTRADICTED PLATO WHO SAID THAT EVIL IS THE PRODUCT OF IGNORANCE. VIRTUE IS THE PRODUCT OF GODS GRACE