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Standard of living is a measure of economic welfare Usually measured by assessing per capita income or per capita consumption of goods/services Gross Domestic Product or GDP is commonly used to measure the standard of living of a given country GDP is the value of all goods and services produced by a country in the period of one year GDP is a measure of a countrys annual production
Norway
11.)
Luxembourg
Finland United States Austria Spain Denmark Belgium Italy Liechtenstein New Zealand
Niger
11.)
12.) 13.) 14.) 15.) 16.) 17.) 18.) 19.) 20.)
Mozambique
Ethiopia Guinea Liberia Gambia Rwanda Senegal Eritrea Zambia Cte dIvoire
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Poverty is relative
What does this mean? Poverty occurs throughout the world and is relative to the living standards of a given country For example, according to 1985 statistics in Canada, of all poor families 87% had a colour TV 98% had a radio 52% had a car 64% had a washing machine What about people in Sudan? Do you think that the people of Sudan would possess these same items?
When we envision poverty, we often think of homeless people in large urban centres or starving children in developing countries Poverty occurs right outside our front doors! The poverty line rises with inflation and items that were once deemed luxury items soon are mass produced and become affordable
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Why?
arranged marriages (dowry) child labour and exploitation (sex trade or child soldiers) Female circumcision Education wasted on girls! Women have little or no access to education
Women become enslaved for child bearing and domestic labour and often suffer from abuse and domestic violence
Family in debt
Marry Young
Reduced Success
Low Literacy
Cycle of Poverty
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Malnutrition
According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is essentially means bad nourishment. It concerns not enough, as well as, too much food, the wrong types of food, and the body's response to a wide range of infections that result in the in ability to absorption nutrients or use nutrients properly to maintain health. Malnutrition is both a medical and a social disorder, often rooted in poverty. Malnutrition in all its forms increases the risk of disease and early death.
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Disease
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Poverty paves the way for disease People in developing countries have limited or no access to medical services Lack of education, and sub standard living conditions assist in the spread of diseases (most of which are preventable given the proper resources) Poverty prevents poor countries from devoting sufficient resources to detect and contain deadly disease Disease flourishes in regions where poverty forced over-crowded living conditions with poor sanitation and no access to education or medicine Diseases such as: AIDS, Malaria,Tuberculosis,Bubonic Plague, Smallpox, Avian Flu, and even H1N1
A.I.D.S.
AIDS stands for auto immune deficiency syndrome AIDS originated in Africa from chimpanzees Virus attacks the immune system and prevents the body from fighting off disease and infection No cure has been found for AIDS Global need to educate people to reduce and stop the spread of HIV/AIDS No unprotected sex and proper use of condoms No sharing needles for drug use
HIV/AIDS in Africa
Africa is the continent worst affected by AIDS Most new infections occur during unprotected heterosexual sex The main goal in HIV prevention is to persuade people to change their sexual behaviour This is always a difficult task, and in Africa it is made harder by poverty, lack of resources and weak infrastructure. Only 1 in 10 Africans has been tested for HIV and knows whether they are infected Misconceptions about transmission routes are widespread, and access to condoms is very low. Cultural barriers and taboos challenge educating the masses to adopt preventative measures
little or no access to safe, clean drinking water 80% of diseases are caused by contaminated water Water usually becomes contaminated by human sewage, pollution, industrial waste, and overuse of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers
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In developing countries, people often move from rural countryside to urban centres in search of work and better opportunity. Cities are over-run with an excess of people who are uneducated and unskilled and have little chance of finding steady work to support themselves or their families Slums and shanty towns emerge as these people create their own housing out whatever they can find. These townships have no electricity, no running water, and no sewage drainage and disposal These areas are overpopulated and soon become breeding grounds for disease
Shanty Towns
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Africa is a Mess
International Aid
International aid is a means of attempting to address some of the human rights and poverty issues that occur in under-developed and developing countries Non-government organizations (NGOs) are groups that are not directly connected to government and are nonprofit agencies that provide aid and services to underdeveloped countries Non-government organizations also lobby governments for human rights violations Some NGOs receive financial support from government as well as rely upon public donations to fund their activities Some examples of NGOs are organizations such as Oxfam, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Save the Children, and World Vision
countries to provide relief and aid to a given country An example of this type of aid would be the relief efforts after the Indonesian Tsunami in 2004 Bilateral aid is development assistance that is provided by a donor country in response to a developing countrys request for assistance Bilateral aid usually comes in the form of government loans or grants The most common form of bilateral aid is tied aid where the donor country provides aid on the condition or requirement that the recipient use the funds to purchase goods or services from the donor country
countries Foreign assistance is used as a means of encouraging development and progress Canadas Official Development Assistance (ODA) program gives financial aid to under-developed countries in Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, Asia and some countries in central and eastern Europe Assistance is provided through various channels: directly from government to government (bilateral), by supporting non-government organizations (NGOs), by supporting private sector initiatives or multilateral organizations (UN, WHO, UNICEF) efforts
Controlling Population
Birth Control Family Planning Education Sterilization Abortion One-Child policy Disease