Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
72%
…of students admitted cheating on a written assignment
Buying or
borrowing paper
Cutting and
pasting blocks of
text from
electronic sources
without
documenting
Media
“borrowing”witho
Un-Intentional
Plagiarism
Careless paraphrasing
Poor documentation
Quoting excessively
own “voice”
Excuse
It’s okay if
I don’t get caught! s
Everyone does it!
This assignment
was BORING!
I was too busy to
write that paper!
(Job, big game, too much homework!)
My teachers
expect
too much!
I and parents/
bosses
I’ve got to get expect “A”s!
into
??? U.!
What are the Consequences?
Is it worth
the risk?
“0” on the assignment
Referral to administrators
Suspension or dismissal
from school and/or
activities
Note on student record
Loss of reputation among
the school community
Loss of job
Prosecution
Do we need to cite Everything?
Hooray for
Nope!
common
knowledge!
Need no documentation!
Examples of Common Knowledge
Pak Lah is the
present Prime The Eiff
el Towe
r is in Pa
ris (duh
!)
Minister of
Malaysia
The Japanese
attacked Pearl
Harbor on
December 7,
1941
No need to cite or quote
when:
You are discussing
your own
experiences,
observations, or
reactions
common knowledge
Why Must You Uphold Academic
Integrity?
When you copy you cheat
yourself. You limit your own
learning.
The consequences are not
worth the risks!
It is only right to give credit
to authors whose ideas you
use
Citing gives authority to the
information you present
Citing makes it possible for
your readers to locate your
source
Education is not an “us vs.
them” game! It’s about
learning to learn!
Cheating is unethical
behavior
Examples of Plagiarism
Downloading essays from the Internet and submitting as your own
work
Buying, borrowing or stealing someone else’s essay and submitting as
your own
Copying, cutting and pasting text from the Internet
Using the words of someone else and presenting it as your own – ie
copying sections from a book or article and presenting it without
acknowledgement
Using significant ideas from someone else and presenting it as your
own – i.e. putting someone else’s ideas without
acknowledgment
Quoting word for word without quotation marks and acknowledgment
Using too much of other people’s work – Avoid long quotations, too
much direct quotations (even with proper acknowledgment) is not
acceptable
Then what is the right way
of ‘borrowing’ the ideas of
others?
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Inevitably your writing will include discoveries, ideas and writings of experts
in your field of study but this must be incorporated carefully in your
work
1. Use your own words and ideas
2. Do not copy and paste information, write a few connecting sentences or
paragraphs and then present it as your own work
3. If you have to incorporate the ideas and writings of others, incorporate it
carefully making sure you give credit when you use:
* Someone else’s ideas, opinion or theory
* Any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings or any information
that is not common knowledge
4. Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarising are different ways to incorporate
the work of other writers in your own writing
How to Avoid Plagiarism
5. Avoid using other people’s work and making minor “cosmetic”
changes.
Example:
Changing the word “often” to “frequently” or reversing the order of
a sentence
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/index.html
Introduction : What is Referencing/Citation?
Suggestions:
- cards which can be filed systematically
- a master reference list on your computer
When a book has 2 authors, ALWAYS cite both names in the text of
your paper
Example :
In a recent study, Johnson and Taylor (1999) discussed…
OR
OR
According to the study… (James et al.1998)
Example :
James, A. K.
James, S.W.
Citation In Text
Citing a work with no authors
When the work has no author, cite in text, the first few words
of the reference which is usually the title and the year. Use
italics for title.
Example :
Example :
Smith (n.d.) stated that …
OR
In a recent study… (Smith, n.d.)
Citation In Text
Citing in text for newspapers
If there is an author, cite the normal way with the author and
date. If not, cite the newspaper title in italics. Include
specific date, page and section if appropriate.
Example :
In New Straits Times (25 Feb. 2002,12), it was reported
Citation In Text
Multiple works by the same author in the same year
Example :
Kuhn (1984, 123 ) observed that “ the transition from a
paradigm …”
EXAMPLE:
(Johnson 2003)
Citation In Text
Internet Sites
• If there is an author, cite author and date.
• If there are no author, date or title, cite the
internet address. Eg. (http://www.abc.com)
Citation In Text
No Page Numbers for Electronic Documents
EXAMPLE:
(Johnson 2000, Conclusion section, par.2)
Citation In Text
Personal Communication
Includes conversation, interviews, unsourced
lecture materials, telephone conversation, letters
and email messages. These are unpublished and
not included in the reference list or bibliographies.
They are not given formal parenthetical references
in the text. Instead references to this form of
material usually run into the text
Guide to Chicago Style In-Text Citation
Details of a Book
Refer to the title page of a book to get the information
You must record the:
Author/Editor
Title
Edition
Date
Publisher
Place of Publication
Details of a Book
Authors/Editors
* Write the surname first, then followed by the
initials of the forenames
* If it is an edited book, use “ed.” after the name
Title
* Use the title and subtitle as found in the title
page
* Use italics
Edition
* Indicate only if it is not the first edition
Details of a Book
Publisher
Place of publication
Date
Conference Papers
Thesis/Dissertations
Newspaper Articles
Maps
Interviews
Audio-visual Materials
Electronic Materials
How to Put a Citation Together
• A citation / reference is created by putting together all
the details required to find a particular piece of
information
• If there are 2 or more authors, enter name of subsequent authors with first name and
then surname. Use “and” before the name of the last author
Eg. : Sawyer, Charles, Paul McCarthy, and George F. Parkin
Rule for Date
Put year of publication after author’s name
Basic Chicago Style Rules
Rules for Title
Year of publication
Eg.
Eckes, Thomas. 2000. The Developmental Social
Psychology of Gender. Mahwah NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum. NetLibrary e-book.
Citation of Journal Article from
Full-text Databases
EXAMPLE :
EXAMPLE:
Example: