Nuclear Power Plant System Components

Title: Types of Valves Course Code: NS-021 Prepared By:

M. Usman Shaikh

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

Presentation Layout

Introduction Parts of valve Types of Valve Valve actuators

Introduction

Valve is device that controls flow and pressure A valve do so by performing any of following functions Stopping and starting fluid flow Throttling (Varying) the amount of fluid flow
3

Introduction ( Cont.1)

Controlling the direction of fluid flow Regulating downstream system or process pressure Relieving component or piping over pressure

APPLICATION Media being handled, e.g., liquid, gas, slurry, or solid Corrosiveness of media, e.g., pH, concentration Corrosiveness of atmosphere Flow (velocity, capacity, Cv, direction) Pipe size Media temperature (maximum to minimum) Pressure: maximum operating pressure; maximum differential pressure Operation: e.g., manual/automatic, on-off throttling Installation constraints Envelope dimensions Weight Accessibility Conformance to appropriate standards, e.g., API, AWWA, ANSI, FM, UL, OSHA, etc. Tightness of shutoff required
5

VALVE REQUIREMENTS Type of valve, e.g., ball, butterfly, gate, check, control, globe, plug, relief, regulator, pinch, diaphragm, etc. Valve size End connections, e.g., screwed, ranged/lugged, wafer, butt-weld, mechanical joint, etc. Materials of construction, e.g., carbon steel, resins, steel or other alloys, cast iron, etc. Body Trim Seats Bolting Frequency of operation Packing Special requirements, e.g., testing, tagging, coating Accessories, e.g., stem/shaft extensions, locking device, position indicator, jacketing
6

VALVE ACTUATION Type, e.g., manual, electric, pneumatic, hydraulic Motion required Rotary, e.g., quarter-turn, multi-turn Linear Mode of operation Double acting Spring return: spring-to-closed, spring-to-open Required valve operating thruster torque Power supply, e.g., voltage, available air supply On/off, throttling, or proportional control Corrosive resistance: materials, coating, tubing Speed of operation Frequency of operation Special requirements, e.g., togging, testing Accessories, e.g., limit switches, positioner, solenoid valve, transducers, manual override
7

Parts of Valve

10

11

Manual Actuators A manual actuator employs levers, gears or wheels to facilitate movement; while an automatic actuator has an external power source to provide the force and motion to operate a valve remotely or automatically. Power actuators are a necessity on valves in pipelines located in remote areas: they are also used on valves that are frequently operated or throttled.
12

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuators The hydraulic and pneumatic actuators are often simple devices with a minimum of mechanical parts, used on linear or quarter-turn valves. Sufficient air or fluid pressure acts on a piston to provide thrust in a linear motion for gate or globe valves. Alternatively, the thrust may be mechanically converted to rotary motion to operate a quarter-turn valve. Most types of fluid power actuators can be supplied with fail-safe features to close or open a valve under emergency circumstances.

13

Electric Actuators The electric actuator has a motor drive that provides torque to operate a valve. Electric actuators are frequently used on multi-turn valves such as gate or globe valves. With the addition of a quarter-turn gearbox, they can be utilized on ball, plug, or other quarterturn valves.

14

Types of Valves

15

The Gate Valve

The gate valve is a general service valve used primarily for on--off, non-throttling service. The valve is closed by a flat face, vertical disc, or gate that slides down through the valve to block the flow.
The Globe Valve The globe valve effects closure by a plug with a flat or convex bottom lowered onto a matching horizontal seat located in the center of the valve. Raising the plug opens the valve, allowing fluid flow. The globe valve is used for on--off service and handles throttling applications. The Diaphragm Valve The diaphragm valve closes by means of a flexible diaphragm attached to a compressor. When the compressor is lowered by the valve stem onto a weir, the diaphragm seals and cuts off flow. The diaphragm valve handles corrosive, erosive and dirty services. The Needle Valve The needles valve is a volume-control valve that restricts flow in small lines. The fluid going through the valve turns 90 degrees and passes through an orifice that is the seat for a rod with a coneshaped tip. The Size of the orifice is changes by positioning the cone in relation to the seat.
16

The Ball Valve

The ball valve is similar in concept to the plug valve but uses a rotating ball with a hole through it that allows straight-through flow in the open position and shuts off flow when the ball is rotated 90 degrees to block the flow passage. It is used for on--off and throttling services.

The Butterfly Valve

The butterfly valve controls flow by using a circular disc or vane with its pivot axis at right angles to the direction of flow in the pipe. The butterfly valve is used both for on--off and throttling services.

17

APPLICATION Media Being Handled (e.g, liquid, gas, slurry or solid) Corrosiveness of Media (e.g., pH, concentration) Corrosiveness of Atmosphere Flow (Velocity, Capacity, Cv, Direction) Pipe Size Media Temperature (Maximum and Minimum) Pressure Maximum Operating Pressure Maximum Differential Pressure Operation (e.g., Manual/Automatic, OnOff/Throttling)

18

Gate Valve

19

Gate valves

The name gate is derived from the appearance of disk in the flow streams Used to start or stop fluid flow (fully open or fully closed) It does not used to regulate or throttle the flow Offers very little pressure drop Seat and disk wear is more than a globe valve

20

Globe Valve

21

Globe Valve

Used to regulate flow rate Opening increases linearly with stem position Stem wear is evenly distributed around disk Change in flow direction is many times so pressure drop is greater as compare to gate valve
22

Ball Valves

It uses ball shaped disk to stop or start the flow It is a rotational motion valve In open position ball hole is in line with valve body inlet and outlet In closed position ball opening is perpendicular flow openings
23

Ball Valves (Cont.1)

24

Ball Valves ( Cont. 2)

These compact and requires no lubrication The partially exposed seat erodes rapidly because of impingement of high velocity flows Its is least expensive requires less maintenance It has quick, quarter turn on-off operation
25

Diaphragm Valves

These are linear motion valves The name is derived from its flexible disk made from diaphragm They are used for handling of corrosive fluids, fibrous slurries, radioactive fluids
26

Butterfly Valves

27

Butterfly Valves

These are rotary motion valves The butterfly valve controls flow by using a circular disc Used both for on-off and throttling services They have advantage of savings in weight, space, and cost Maintenance costs are low as there are a minimal number of moving parts They are suitable for large flows of gases or liquids at relatively low pressure They handle slurries or liquids having suspended solids
28

Needle Valve

29

Needle Valve (Cont.1)

The needles valve is a volume control valve (For Fine adjustments). They are used in Constant pressure pumps governors to control fluctuations Automatic combustion control for precise flow regulations As a component part of other more complicated valves
30

Check Valves (NVs)

They are designed to prevent backflow They are actuated by flowing material in pipe line Closure is accomplished by weight, back pressure, by spring or by combination of these mechanisms The general types of check valves are swing, tilting-disk, piston, butterfly etc
31

Check Valves (Cont.1)

32

Pressure Relief Valves

The pressure relief valve is designed to provide protection from over-pressure in steam, gas, air and liquid lines The valve "lets off steam" when safe pressures are exceeded, then closed again when pressure drops to a preset level.
33

Pressure Relief Valves (Cont.1)

34

Valve Actuators

Some type of actuator is necessary to allow for the positing of a valve Actuator selection depends upon numbers of factors including torque necessary for valve operation and need of actuation Actuators may be manual, Electric, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Solenoid etc
35

Manual Actuators

manual actuator employs levers, gears or wheels to facilitate movement Valves that are particularly large may be impossible or impractical to operate manually
36

Electric Actuator

Has a motor drive that provides torque to operate a valve Electric actuators are frequently used on multi-turn valves such as gate or globe valves Motor is high speed reversible electric motor connected to valve stem by gear train Limit Switch stops motor automatically at full open or closed valve position
37

Electric Actuator (Cont.1)

38

Pneumatic Actuators

They use air pressure on diagram connected to stem These are used in throttle valves for open-close positing where fast action is required They are either air to open (failure to close) or air to close (failure to open)
39

Pneumatic Actuators (Cont.1)

40

Question Please ??

41

Name the Valve ?

42

Name the Valve ?

43

Name the Valve ?

44

Name the Valve ?

45

Name the Valve ?

46

Name the Valve ?

47

Name the Valve ?

48

Name the Valve ?

49