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4G is the term used to describe the next level of evolution in the field of wireless communication 4G , the fourth generation technology is the mobile or cellular based technology It is the latest and ultra fast technology 4G is a step up from 3G, which is currently the most widespread, high-speed wireless service.

 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon become the standard for cellular wireless The technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected
The aim is to achieve ultra broadband speed to be counted in gigabytes per second

4G Technology and its predecessors 3G, 2G and 1G are all from the same family of cellular communication standards, which are verified by the ITU.

The earlier telephone systems, which were the original ones, are now called 1G. Definition: In the world of cell phones, 1G signifies first-generation wireless analog technology standards The technologies supported were AMTS, TACS, NMT 1G was introduced as the analog standard for cell phones in the 1980s.

Definition: In the world of cell phones, 2G signifies second-generation wireless digital technology. 2G utilized various digital technologies including CDMA, TDMA etc. And used RISC processor 2G wireless technology replaced 1G and is all digital.

Also Known As: second-and-a-half generation cell phone technology Alternate Spellings: 2.5-G Examples: 2.5G wireless technology is a stepping stone that bridged 2G to 3G wireless technology.

3G is 3rd generation cell-phone technology The first pre-commercial 3G network launched in May 2001 by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. It is fully digital multimedia technology. It established its roots in late 2000 Third Generation technology now can easily be found all over the world on nearly all standard technologies CDMA,W-CDMA etc

Extension to higher data rates is difficult due to excessive interference between services. It is difficult to provide a full range of multirate services, all with different QoS and performance requirements ie, it is not a fully integrated system.

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As far as mobility is concerned, the speed of data rate decreases when we move from one point to another With WCDMA based 3G, as the data speed increases the coverage area of the cell become smaller and smaller. For data rates of 2 Mbps and above, a WCDMA cell can cover only an area of 10 meter radius

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The 3G-4G transition will of course be accompanied by ongoing evolution of already anticipated 3G services, such as: send/receive e-mail Internet browsing (information) on-line transactions (e-business) location-dependent information large-file transfer.

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4G will need to be highly dynamic in terms of support for

The users traffic Less air interferences Quality-of-service types Mobility patterns.

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The 3G

Large Coverage Remote accessing is difficult Speed Up to 14Mbps

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The 4G

Larger Coverage than 3G 100Mbps SPEED Outdoor - High Mobility Remote accessing is very easy

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Definition: 4G wireless is the term used to describe the fourth-generation of wireless service. Provides data transfer rates up to 100mbps For stationery users it aims to the highest speed of 1Gbps The goal is to have data rates up to 20 Mbps, even when used in such scenarios as a vehicle traveling 200 kilometers per hour.

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Different wireless phone companies uses different technologies for its 4G network For ex: Sprint uses WiMAX technology while Verizon wireless uses LTE technology All these technologies aims to provide highest transfer rate of data 4G wireless technology is 4 to 10 times faster than todays 3G network

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In 4G-style mobile IP, each cell phone is assigned a permanent "home" IP address, along with a "care-of" address that represents its actual location. When a computer somewhere on the Internet wants to communicate with the cell phone, it first sends a packet to the phone's home address. A directory server on the home network forwards this to the care-of address.
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However, the directory server also sends a message to the computer informing it of the correct care-of address, so future packets can be sent directly. Because of the many addresses , IPv6 is needed for this type of mobility.

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WiMAX and LTE - 4G TECHNOLOGIES MAINLY USED

WiMAX Speed up to 128mbps of downloading Uploading Speed is 56mbps IEEE standard

LTE speed up to 100mbps of downloading 50 mbps uploading ITU standards

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What is Wimax Technology? Wimax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. The Wimax technology offers around 72 Mega Bits per second without any need for the cable infrastructure. Wimax technology is based on IEEE Standard .

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The request by the user for the access of internet is send to the Wireless access point and here the conversion of signal to microwave frequency band takes place by WiFi-WiMAX converter. Then through this band the signal is send to the antenna reciever and thus the internet or requested service is accessed.

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LTE stands for Long Term Evolution technology LTE utilizes the OFDM technique OFDM means Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing In this each data stream is modulated into multiple adjacent carriers within the bandwidth of a medium and all are transmitted simultaneously

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The Mobile VCE vision for 2010 for 4G was embodied in the five key elements detailed as follows: Fully converged services Ubiquitous mobile access Diverse user devices Autonomous networks Software dependency

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Fully converged services Personal communications, information systems, broadcast and entertainment will have merged into a seamless pool of content available according to the users requirement. The user will have access to a wider range of services and applications, available conveniently, securely and in a manner reflecting the users personal preferences.

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Ubiquitous mobile access The dominant mode of access to this pool of content will be mobile, accounting for all voice communications, the majority of highspeed information services, and a significant proportion of broadcast and entertainment services. Mobile access to commercial and retail services will be the norm, replacing current practices in most cases.

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Diverse user devices Devices will interact with users in a multi sensory manner, encompassing not only speech, hearing and sight but also the other human senses. Autonomous networks Underlying these systems will be highly autonomous adaptive networks capable of self-management of their structure to meet the changing and evolving demands of users for both services and capacity.
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Software dependency Intelligent mobile agents will exist throughout the networks and in user devices, and will act continually to simplify tasks and ensure transparency to the user. These mobile agents will act at all levels, from managing an individual users content preferences to organising and reconfiguring major elements of networks.

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ADVANTAGES OF 4G * * * * * broader bandwidth higher data rate smoother and quicker transfer of data less signal interferences low cost per bit

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5G technology will bring a huge revolutionary change into the electronic media market. When the 5G technology will come to the cellular maker, distant video calls will be made more smooth and accessible 5G technology offer high resolution 5G technology provides more high quality services

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* The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology. * The uploading and downloading speed will be touching the peak.

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It is always dangerous to predict too far ahead in a fast- moving field such as mobile communication. However, the key elementsfully converged services, ubiquitous mobile access, diverse user devices, autonomous networks and software dependencywill persist.

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The work on 4G systems has begun in the industry . In the USA, Motorola, Lucent, AT&T, Nortel and other major companies are also working on 4G systems. Multimedia traffic will be dominant in the future. A modified IP will be the universal network layer protocol in the future.

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www.ieee.com Referred from 4th generation technology , by ortiz . L.D2009 www.wikipedia.com/4g technology/chad dyner/2009. http://www.scribd.com/doc/28069268/4gWireless-Technology www.freewimaxinfo.com/4g.html

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