ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Organizational behavior refers how people behave at work place.

Where Managers Work

What Managers Do

Managerial Activities
Make decisions Allocate resources Direct activities of others to attain goals

Management Functions

Planning

Organizing

Management Functions
Controlling Leading

Management Functions (contd)

Management Functions (contd)

Management Functions (contd)

Management Functions (contd)

Mintzbergs Managerial Roles

Mintzbergs Managerial Roles (contd)

Mintzbergs Managerial Roles (contd)

Management Skills

Effective Versus Successful Managerial Activities (Luthans)

1. Traditional management
Decision making, planning, and controlling

2. Communications
Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork

3. Human resource management

Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training

4. Networking
Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)

Challenges and Opportunity for Organizational Behaviour

Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality and Productivity Responding to the Labor Shortage Improving Customer Service

Challenges and Opportunity for OB (contd)

Improving People Skills Empowering People Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts Improving Ethical Behavior

Foundation of Individual Behaviour

Individual Behaviour depends upon

Biological Characteristics
Ability

Personality
Learning

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Biographical Characteristics
Biographical Characteristics
Personal characteristicssuch as age, gender, and marital statusthat are objective and easily obtained from personnel records.

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Ability
Ability An individuals capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual Ability The capacity to do mental activities.

Physical Ability
The capacity to do physical work.

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Dimensions of Intellectual Ability

Number aptitude Verbal comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Spatial visualization Memory

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Physical Abilities
Physical Abilities
The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

Physical Abilities
Strength Factors
1. Dynamic strength
2. Static strength 3. Explosive strength

Flexibility Factors
4. Extent flexibility 5. Dynamic flexibility

Other Factors
6. Body coordination 7. Balance 8. Stamina

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The Ability-Job Fit

Employees Abilities

Ability-Job Fit

Jobs Ability Requirements

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Learning
Learning
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

Learning
Involves change Is relatively permanent

Is acquired through experience

Theories of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning states that behaviour is leaned by repetitive association between stimulus and response. Conditional Stimulus>>>>>>Conditional Response Unconditional Stimulus >>>>>>Unconditional Response Key Concepts Unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response

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Theories of Learning (contd) Operant Conditioning

A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment. Operant is defined as behaviour that produces effect. Behaviour is determined , maintained and controlled by its consequences. Response >>>>>>>>Stimulus Key Concepts

Reflexive (unlearned) behavior

Conditioned (learned) behavior Reinforcement

Theories of Learning (contd)

Social-Learning Theory
People can learn through observation and direct experience.

Key Concepts
Attentional processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes

Theories of Learning (contd)

Shaping Behavior
Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response. Key Concepts
Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.

Personality
Personality is the sum of total ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. Personality determinates
Hereditary factors Situational factors

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MyersBriggs Sixteen Primary Traits

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Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of control Self-esteem Self-monitoring Risk taking

2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

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