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Example
A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature
of 300K. Assuming heat is lost only due to radiation, the differential
equation for the temperature of the ball is given by
d
= 2.2067 10 12 4 81108
dt
, ( 0 ) = 1200 K
seconds.
d
= 2.2067 10 12 4 81 10 8
dt
f ( t , ) = 2.2067 10 12 4 81 10 8
i +1 = i +
1
1
( k1 + 2k 2 + 2k 3 + k 4 ) h
6
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution
Step 1:
i = 0 , t0 = 0 , 0 = (0) = 1200
1
1
1
1
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution Cont
1
( k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k4 ) h
6
1
= 1200 + ( 4.5579 + 2( 0.38347 ) + 2( 3.8954 ) + ( 0.069750) ) 240
6
1
= 1200 + ( 2.1848) 240
6
= 675.65 K
1 = 0 +
( 240 ) 1 = 675.65K
3
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution Cont
Step 2:
i = 1, t1 = 240,1 = 675.65 K
1
1
1
1
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution Cont
1
( k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k4 ) h
6
1
= 675.65 + ( 0.44199 + 2( 0.31372) + 2( 0.34775) + ( 0.25351) ) 240
6
1
= 675.65 + ( 2.0184 ) 240
6
= 594.91K
2 = 1 +
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Solution Cont
The exact solution of the ordinary differential equation is given by
the solution of a non-linear equation as
0.92593 ln
300
1.8519 tan 1 ( 0.00333) = 0.22067 10 3 t 2.9282
+ 300
(480) = 647.57 K
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
1600
1200
h=120
800
Exact
h=240
400
h=480
0
0
200
400
600
-400
Time,t(sec)
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Step size,
h
480
240
120
60
30
(480)
|t|%
90.278
737.85
113.94
594.91
52.660
8.1319
646.16
1.4122
0.21807
647.54
0.033626
0.0051926
647.57 0.00086900 0.00013419
(480) = 647.57 K
Et
(exact)
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
800
600
400
200
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
-200
Step size, h
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
1400
1200
4th order
1000
800
Exact
600
Heun
400
Euler
200
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time, t(sec)
http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu